Canine Flashcards
predisposed to acanthosis nigricans
dachshund
Which phase of the estrous cycle does the female dog attract males?
proetrus and estrus
What causes hypertrophic osteopathy in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones?
Pulmonary neoplasia
What muscle attaches to the vertical ramus?
Temporalis
A ruptured bullae can cause ___
pneumothorax
Treatment for Taenia eggs
Ivermectin
Drug that causes keratoconjunctivitis sicca
TMS
Occurs in the mandible and affects young dogs and terrier breeds. This disease affect the tympanic bulla, temporal bones and temporomandibular joints.
Craniomandibular osteopathy
Chronic leukemias have prominent ____ and ___
lymph node, spleen
Canine roundworm
toxocara canis
Canine whipworm
trichuris vulpis
heartworm
dirofilaria immitis
Can cause cough in puppy due to migration from small intestine through liver and lungs.
toxocara canis (roundworm)
Causes rectum to herniate and is accompanied with tenesmus
Perineal hernia
Bacteria associated with grass awn migration
Actinomyces
Hypersensitivity that is IgE mediated
Type I
Hypersensitivity that is an antibody-mediated dependent reaction due to IgG or IgM made against self antigens that resemble host cells
Type II
Immune complex-mediated reaction
Type III
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction and cell-mediated, T8-lymphocytes are sensitized to an antigen
Type IV
Hair cycle arrest. Causes truncal alopecia and hyperpigmentation.
Alopecia X
Treatment for alopecia X
castration
Treatment for metastatic melanoma
ONCEPT
Treatment for mast cell tumors
palladia
Affects small and toy breed dogs, progressive blindness, retinal lesions
Progressive retinal atrophy
Treatment for VPCs
lidocaine
Most common ocular tumor of a dog
meibomian adenoma
obstruction of the meibomian gland and appears as a swelling within the eyelid
chalazion
Diagnostic for hypothyroidism
free T4
Free floating ocular brown, round circular mass
uveal cyst
Common complication of physeal break in young animal
angular limb deformity
Inherited defect that causes constricting obstruction of the esophagus at the level of the heart
persistent right aortic arch
Adrenergic vasoconstrictors
Epinephrine and phenylephrine
Treatment of choice for severe hyperextension injuries to the carpus
carpal arthrodesis
Major cross match for blood
Donor RBC, recipient plasma
Minor cross match
recipient red blood cells , donor plasma
Increased number of red blood cells
Polycythemia
Tetralogy of fallot
Pulmonic stenosis, dextro-positioned aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect and can lead to polycythemia
KCS is caused by abnormality of
lacrimal gland and gland of the 3rd eyelid
Breed predisposed to zinc dermatosis
Husky
Anesthetic for malignant hyperthermia
Halothane
Stone that forms when animal is treated with too much allopurinol
Xanthine
Medication used to treat urate stone formation in Dalmatians
Allupurinol
When can you see fetal skeleton in a dog
43 days
When can you see fetal skeleton in a cat
35-39 days
Happen when fluid builds around the heart
Cardiac tamponade
Ideal incision site for a gastrotomy (receiving foreign body from stomach)
Between greater and lesser curvature
Causes pyramid shape lesion in kidney
Renal infarct
Most common site of bone for osteosarcoma
Metaphysis
Immune mediated thrombocytopenia treatment
azathioprine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide
genetic defect in making allantoin from urates in their liver, low solubility of urate predisposes the dogs to form urate stones -> obstructions
Dalmations
Which way do GDVs usually rotate
counter clockwise, typically 180 degrees
Most likely side effect from treating a patient with clotrimazole (to treat sino-nasal fungal infection : Aspergillosis)
laryngeal inflammation
End goal of warfarin therapy
1.5 to 2 times normal prothrombin
What in a bronchiolar lavage would indicate coccidiomycosis
Spherule
What would indicate blastomycoses
Broad-based budding
What would indicate Cryptococcus
small yeast with a large capsule
What would indicate aspergillus
hypha
What would indicate histoplasma
small intracellular yeast
Autosomal recessive trait where platelets fail to aggregate in Basset Hounds, increased spontaneous bleeding
Canine thrombopathia
Shock dose isotonic crystalloids dog
90 mL/kg
Shocks dose isotonic crystalloids cat
40-60 mL/kg
Synthetic colloids shock dose dog
10-20 mL/kg
synthetic colloids shock dose cat
5-10 mL/kg
Shock dose hypertonic saline
5 mL/kg
Causes enamel hypoplasia
distemper
Urticaria
Hives
Sympathetic innervation to the bladder is provided by the
Hypogastric nerve
Radiographic view taken to asses tracheal collapse
end expiratory
symptoms include cryptorchidism, truncal alopecia, hyperpigmentation, gynecomastia, bone marrow issues, aplastic anemia
Sertoli cell tumor
Major adverse effect of cyclophosphamide
Cystitis
Drug that causes cardiotoxicity
doxorubicin
Drug that causes ileus
vincristine
Drug that causes anaphylaxis
L-asparaginase
Drug that causes nephrotoxicity
cisplatin
Surgical treatment for patients with laryngeal paralysis
Unilateral arytenoid lateralization
Treatment for idiopathic anterior uveitis
topical dexamethasone
Treatment for mast cells
H2 Blocker
What phase of estrus does a pyometra typically occur
Diestrus
Inherited disease of Basenji, causes hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
Fanconi syndrome
Treatment for urinary incontinence and is a weak alpha agonist
Phenylpropanolamine
Fungal disease that is transmissible to humans
Sporotrichosis
Inflammation of the choroid and retine, includes gray spots in eye, retinal separation, and retinal hemorrhage
Chorioretinitis
Must be limited in large breed puppies to prevent skeletal abnormalities
calcium
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic
Furosemide
loop diuretic
Enalapril
ACE inhibitor
Spironolactone
aldosterone antagonsit
Acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Treatment for transitional cell carcinoma
Piroxicam and carboplatin chemo
Antibiotic that causes bone marrow suppression in dogs
Pradofloxacin
Antibiotic that causes retinal degeneration in cats
Enrofloxacin
Found on a CBC in a dog with a ruptured splenic hemangiosarcoma
Schistocytes
Best way to find giardia canis trophozoites
direct fecal smear
Drug that causes splenic dilation and decreased hematocrit
acepromazine
Renal carcinoma results in ____ due to EPO secretion
Polycythemia
Necrotizing skin disorder that is associated with metabolic or vacuolar liver disease
hepatocutaneous syndrome
Drug used to treat glaucoma in dogs because it decreases aqueous production
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Treatment for lead poisoning
Ca-EDTA
Classic finding for lead poisoning
Basophilic stappling
Most common cause of EPI in a dog
pancreatic acinar atrophy
What structure is typically injured during a CCL tear
medial meniscus
Antibiotic of choice for prostatitis
Enrofloxacin
Most common direction of coxofemoral luxations in dogs
craniodorsal
Vector for lyme disease
Ixodes
Treatment for primary lung tumor
excision with wide margins
Coagulation test that is delayed due to anticoagulatn rodenticide
PT
Measures extrinsic coag
PT
measures intrinsic coag
PTT
Heart sound like shoes in dryer
atrial fibrillation
Cushing’s response
bradycardia and hypertension
Treatment for seizures in post partum dogs caused by eclampsia
Calcium gluconate
Predisposing factors to IMPA
SLE, sulfonamide exposure, mammary adenocarcinoma
Neutrophil lifespan
5-9 hours
Platelet lifespan
5-7 days
RBC lifespan
110 days
Treatment for ethylene glycol
4-MP (4-methylpyrazole)
Potassium infusion rate
0.5 mEq/kg/hr
Treatment for Taenia infection
praziquantel
Treatment for von willebrand factor deficiency
desmopressin acetate
treatment for giardia
metronidazole
Treatment for perianal fistula
cyclosporine
Use microscopic examination of macroconidia to diagnose
Dermatophytosis
Causes cartilage abnormalities in young animals
enrofloxacin
A positive ortolani sign occurs in affected dogs when manipulating what bone
femur
Most common side effect of ivermectin
neurotoxicity `
Treatment for KCS
cyclosporine eye drops
Characterized by 90% cornified epithelial cells
proestrus
Slows the heart by inhibiting the influx of calcium into the myocardial cells
diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker used to treat supraventricular tachycardias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension
Diltiazem
Disease that causes benign hypopigmentation of the nose in huskies and other large breed dogs
vitiligo
Most common cause of pyometra in dogs older than 8
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Primary source of infection of microsporum canis
cats
primary source of infection of microporum gypseum
soil
primary source of infection of trichophyton mentagrophytes
rodents
Treatment for TVT
vincristine
Causes eccentric hypertrophy of the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral valve regurgitation
Causes activation of H2 receptors, ulcers, coagulopathy, vasodilation and hypotension
mast cell tumor
trichogram diagnosis
dermatophytosis and demodex
Phenothiazines cause
hypotension
Drug that is known to cause a large amount of histamine release
Morphine
Radiographic change diagnostic for pleural effusion
pleural fissure line
Radiographic sign for consolidated lung
lobar sign
Radiographic sign seen with alveolar edema
air bronchogram
Treatment for ethylene glycol
hemodialysis
Best treatment for proptosis
tarsorrhaphy
Used to remove eyes with neoplasia infiltrating surrounding structures
Exenteration
Procedure to help complicated ulcers heal
Conjunctival flap
Procedure to remove cataracts
Phacoemulsification
Sterile granulomas and pustules on puppy face
juvenile cellulitis
Treatment for juvenile cellulitis
immunosuppressive glucocorticoids
Bunny hopping gait is usually associated with
hip dysplasia
Aquatic organism in SOutheast USA which has different cell wall than fungi and is difficult to treat
Pythium
treatment for pythium
amputation and antifungal
RER formula
70 x BW^.75
Type I salter fracture is through the
physis
Type II salter fracture is through the
physis and metaphysis
type III salter fracture is through the
physis and epiphysis
type IV salter fracture is through the
metaphysis, physis and epiphysis
type V salter fracture is
crush to physis
Hormone profile of dog in etrus
falling estrus, rising progesterone
Blepharospasm
twitching of eyelid/eye
What pressure should you not exceed when bagging the lung of a patient
20 cm H2o
Ketoconazole has an adverse effect of
hepatotoxicity
Raccoons carry
Baylisascaris and rabies
Condition that requires immediate lens removal
anterior lens luxation
Breed predisposed to choroidal hypoplasia
Collie
Difference and glucose between blood and peritoneal fluid
20 mg/dl
Breed predisposed to familial dermatomyositis
Collies
Valley fever
coccidiodes immitis
Dalmations are predisposed to ____ stone formation
urate
Side effect of chemotherapeutic drug cyclophasphamide
Cystsitis
Inhalant anesthetic with quickest speed of action
desflurane
Medication to treat atrial fibrillation
isoproterenol
components of nephrotic syndrome
hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, edema, proteinuria
