Canine 1 Part 1: Why Physical Rehabilitation? Unit 1/4 Flashcards
What is an orthopedic procedure?
A type of surgery for conditions related to the musculoskeletal system
What is disuse atrophy?
A decrease in size of a muscle in the body due to the muscle no longer being actively used
What are the cruciate ligaments? Name the two types of cruciate ligaments.
Two bands of fibrous tissue located within each stifle joint which cross each other and connect the femur to the tibia. They control the back and forth motion of the knee.
Caudal (posterior) cruciate ligament and cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament
Breakdown the word cruciate
Cross-shaped
Breakdown the word caudal
Pertaining to or situated near a tail and “away from the head”. Or below another structure, “lower/under”.
Breakdown the word cranial
toward theheadend of the body; upper, “higher/above”
Breakdown the word posterior
Back of a structure or a structure found toward the back of the body
Breakdown the word anterior
Front of a structure, or a structure found toward the front of the body
Define cartilage
Flexible connective tissue that keeps joint motion fluid by coating the surfaces of the bones in our joints and by cushioning bones against impact
Breakdown the word cartilage
gristle; firm, elastic animal tissue
Define bone
Rigid tissue that constitutes part of the skeleton. It protects various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility
Define muscle
Contractile tissue that has the ability to produce force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs
Define tendon
Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone and serves to move the bone or structure
Define ligament
Bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints that connect bone to bone, give your joints support, and limit their movement.
Define fibre
Any elongated, thread-like structure, e.g. nerve fiber and muscle fiber
What musculoskeletal parts change when patients undergo surgery for fractures and ligament tears or neurologic conditions?
Changes to the cartilage, bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments
Following surgery for a cranial cruciate ligament rupture, how much muscle mass may a dog lose in the rear limb without physical rehabilitation?
1/3
What are the benefits of physical rehabilitation? Hint: there are 9
- Increased speed of recovery
- Positive psychological effects for both pet and owner
- Improved performance and quality of movement
- Increased strength and endurance
- Improved biomechanics and flexibility
- Reduced pain
- Non-invasive approach
- Minimal complications
- Prevention of future injury through owner/trainer education
How was the study at University of Illinois which looked at dachshunds with spinal cord injuries conducted? What were the results?
The dogs were divided into two groups with an equal number of dogs in terms of severity of spinal cord injury. One group received physical rehab and the second group received traditional care with no rehab.
The group that received physical rehab were able to stand in about half the time of the other group and had meaningful motor function. In terms of ambulation and gait, the rehab group were able to walk in about half the time as compared to the traditional group.
Define ambulation
The act, action or ability of walking or moving about
What are the two most common types of cruciate repair?
Extra-capsular repair, or lateral suture, and triple tibial osteotomy (TTO)
Define circumduction gait
A pattern of repetitive limb motion in which the leg is stiff, without flexion at knee and ankle and rotates away from the body then towards it in a semicircle motion
Define sagittal plane
An anatomical plane which dives the body into right and left parts
Define kinematics
The branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion
Define biomechanics
The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms
Define osteoarthritis
Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, causing pain and stiffness in the affected area
What is the difference between osteoarthritis and arthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a ‘mechanical’ condition caused by gradual wearing down of cartilage in the joints. Arthritis is an inflamation that leads to the secret of substnaces, gradually destroying the structure of the joint. It can be of infectious, genetic or metabolic origin.
What is cryotherapy?
The use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue
What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation?
The use of low voltage electric currents to treat pain
What is laser therapy?
Medical treatments that use focused light sources from a laser for various purposes such as pain treatment and cancer treatments
It is important to develop collaborative working relationships between veterinarians, technicians, physical therapists, and owners to advance the care of patients. True or false?
True
A young dog with hip dysplasia is likely to benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?
True
Mature dogs with osteoarthritis are not likely to benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?
False
A young dog with an ununited anconeal process can benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?
True
Physical rehabilitation can help a dog recover from an existing injury but will do little in preventing future injuries. True or false?
False
