Canine 1 Part 1: Why Physical Rehabilitation? Unit 1/4

Question 1

What is an orthopedic procedure?

Answer 1

A type of surgery for conditions related to the musculoskeletal system

Question 2

What is disuse atrophy?

Answer 2

A decrease in size of a muscle in the body due to the muscle no longer being actively used

Question 3

What are the cruciate ligaments? Name the two types of cruciate ligaments.

Answer 3

Two bands of fibrous tissue located within each stifle joint which cross each other and connect the femur to the tibia. They control the back and forth motion of the knee.

Caudal (posterior) cruciate ligament and cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament

Question 4

Breakdown the word cruciate

Answer 4

Cross-shaped

Question 5

Breakdown the word caudal

Answer 5

Pertaining to or situated near a tail and “away from the head”. Or below another structure, “lower/under”.

Question 6

Breakdown the word cranial

Answer 6

toward theheadend of the body; upper, “higher/above”

Question 7

Breakdown the word posterior

Answer 7

Back of a structure or a structure found toward the back of the body

Question 8

Breakdown the word anterior

Answer 8

Front of a structure, or a structure found toward the front of the body

Question 9

Define cartilage

Answer 9

Flexible connective tissue that keeps joint motion fluid by coating the surfaces of the bones in our joints and by cushioning bones against impact

Question 10

Breakdown the word cartilage

Answer 10

gristle; firm, elastic animal tissue

Question 11

Define bone

Answer 11

Rigid tissue that constitutes part of the skeleton. It protects various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility

Question 12

Define muscle

Answer 12

Contractile tissue that has the ability to produce force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs

Question 13

Define tendon

Answer 13

Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone and serves to move the bone or structure

Question 14

Define ligament

Answer 14

Bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints that connect bone to bone, give your joints support, and limit their movement.

Question 15

Define fibre

Answer 15

Any elongated, thread-like structure, e.g. nerve fiber and muscle fiber

Question 16

What musculoskeletal parts change when patients undergo surgery for fractures and ligament tears or neurologic conditions?

Answer 16

Changes to the cartilage, bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments

Question 17

Following surgery for a cranial cruciate ligament rupture, how much muscle mass may a dog lose in the rear limb without physical rehabilitation?

Answer 17

1/3

Question 18

What are the benefits of physical rehabilitation? Hint: there are 9

Answer 18

1. Increased speed of recovery
2. Positive psychological effects for both pet and owner
3. Improved performance and quality of movement
4. Increased strength and endurance
5. Improved biomechanics and flexibility
6. Reduced pain
7. Non-invasive approach
8. Minimal complications
9. Prevention of future injury through owner/trainer education

Question 19

How was the study at University of Illinois which looked at dachshunds with spinal cord injuries conducted? What were the results?

Answer 19

The dogs were divided into two groups with an equal number of dogs in terms of severity of spinal cord injury. One group received physical rehab and the second group received traditional care with no rehab.

The group that received physical rehab were able to stand in about half the time of the other group and had meaningful motor function. In terms of ambulation and gait, the rehab group were able to walk in about half the time as compared to the traditional group.

Question 20

Define ambulation

Answer 20

The act, action or ability of walking or moving about

Question 21

What are the two most common types of cruciate repair?

Answer 21

Extra-capsular repair, or lateral suture, and triple tibial osteotomy (TTO)

Question 22

Define circumduction gait

Answer 22

A pattern of repetitive limb motion in which the leg is stiff, without flexion at knee and ankle and rotates away from the body then towards it in a semicircle motion

Question 23

Define sagittal plane

Answer 23

An anatomical plane which dives the body into right and left parts

Question 24

Define kinematics

Answer 24

The branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion

Question 25

Define biomechanics

Answer 25

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms

Question 26

Define osteoarthritis

Answer 26

Degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, causing pain and stiffness in the affected area

Question 27

What is the difference between osteoarthritis and arthritis?

Answer 27

Osteoarthritis is a ‘mechanical’ condition caused by gradual wearing down of cartilage in the joints. Arthritis is an inflamation that leads to the secret of substnaces, gradually destroying the structure of the joint. It can be of infectious, genetic or metabolic origin.

Question 28

What is cryotherapy?

Answer 28

The use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue

Question 29

What is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation?

Answer 29

The use of low voltage electric currents to treat pain

Question 30

What is laser therapy?

Answer 30

Medical treatments that use focused light sources from a laser for various purposes such as pain treatment and cancer treatments

Question 31

It is important to develop collaborative working relationships between veterinarians, technicians, physical therapists, and owners to advance the care of patients. True or false?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

A young dog with hip dysplasia is likely to benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Mature dogs with osteoarthritis are not likely to benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?

Answer 33

False

Question 34

A young dog with an ununited anconeal process can benefit from physical rehabilitation. True or false?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Physical rehabilitation can help a dog recover from an existing injury but will do little in preventing future injuries. True or false?

Answer 35

False