Cancers Flashcards
Which cancers are linked to alcohol
Pancreatic and liver
breast
mouth
colon
esophogeal
syndromes associated with pancreatic cancer
pets joggers syndrome
MEN TYPE 1
LYNCH SYNDROME - ovarian, stomach
metastasis of pancreas
lung and liver
rf pancreatic cancer
smoke
age
genetic syndromes
chronic pancreatitis
mutation associated with pancreatic cancer
95 % are the KRAS gene- tumour suppressor gene
obesity
males
signs of pancreatic cancer
jaundice - esp if head
courvesier
diabetes body and tail
hypercoagubale state
trousseaus sign - migratory thrombophlebitis
marantic endocarditis - sterile vegetation on valve
pale coloured stools
dramatic weight loss
post prandial pain
if splenic vein involved- splenomegaly, portal hypertension etc
diagnosis of pancreatic
us - will only show if >2cm you can asses for liver metatsist
markers for p cancer
CA-19
gall bladder cancer RF
women (due to higher oestrogen content)
primary scleorsing cholangitis
parasites- thailand opisthorchis
gall stones
porcelain gall bladder- remove prophylactically
IBD -
obese
chronic cholecystitis
labs for gall bladder cancer
ALP
LIVER ENZYMERS
GGT
anemia of chronic disease
tx of gall bladder cancer
cholecystectomy with partial liver and lN dissection
macroscopic colon cancer
PUAm
polypid
ulcerative
anular
mixed
histolgical types of colon cancer
adenocarcarinoams -commonly begin as a polyp
carcinoid tumours
carcinoid syndrme
what is the origin
FLUSHING
diarrhea + abdo pain
resp symptoms- wheezing, cough (ashtma like symptoms)
heart failure (less common) affcets the vaves
edema
caused by substances entering the systemic circulation - vasoactive substances such as SERATONIN
these tumours come for the enterochromaffin cells which are neuroendocrine cells usuually arise from GI and lung tumours
Which method is useful in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of tumors of the rectum?
ENDORECTAL ULTRASOINS
Whist is is the most common sit for metastasis of colorectal carcinomas?
liver then lung then retropertinoeum ….ovary (krukenberg)
if you have a kruken berg what symptoms could you expect
dyspareunia
bloating
ascites
whats a feature of krukenberg
secretes bare mucous hence hwy its name is signet ring tumour
Which is the most common complication of the left-sided colon cancer?
Complete obstruction of the large bowel (ileus).
Which is the most common complication of the right-sided colon cancer?
iron deficiency anemia
most common tumour for lunch syndromes and descripton
it is a genetic mutation
AD - 50%
UTERUS 2
COLON CANCER 1(mostly on the RHS)
OBSTIPATION
means no poo or gas
MEN TYPE 1
AD - 50%
genetic mutation
3 p’s
pancreatic
pituatiary
parathyroid
most likely benign
peutz jagers syndrome
common in kids to have bluish dots on lips and mucosa that fade as you get older
polpys that form in GI (mainly small intestines +stomach)
benign vibe
which type of colon cancer msore common
which is better to have ?
LEFT
left
which type of colon cancer more likely with iron deficiency anemia
RIGHT
WHICH TYPE OF COLON is more likely to spread to peritoneum rather than liver and lung
right
pellet like stools could mean
colon cancer
what age do we start screening for colon
60
FAP
Patients develop hundreds of adenomatous polyps in their teens and are virtually guaranteed to develop colorectal cancer by their 20s, unless they undergo prophylactic proctocolectomy.
Note that there is a high risk of developing duodenal cancer, so patients undergo regular endoscopic surveillanc
indication for a FIT
> 40 unexplained weight loss and abdo pain >10 means need a colonscopy
another indication is a person over 60 who is anemic
tumour marker for liver cancer
AFP
