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Gastro > Cancers > Flashcards

Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

Which cancers are linked to alcohol

A

Pancreatic and liver
breast
mouth
colon
esophogeal

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2
Q

syndromes associated with pancreatic cancer

A

pets joggers syndrome
MEN TYPE 1
LYNCH SYNDROME - ovarian, stomach

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3
Q

metastasis of pancreas

A

lung and liver

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4
Q

rf pancreatic cancer

A

smoke
age
genetic syndromes
chronic pancreatitis

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5
Q

mutation associated with pancreatic cancer

A

95 % are the KRAS gene- tumour suppressor gene
obesity
males

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6
Q

signs of pancreatic cancer

A

jaundice - esp if head
courvesier
diabetes body and tail
hypercoagubale state
trousseaus sign - migratory thrombophlebitis
marantic endocarditis - sterile vegetation on valve
pale coloured stools
dramatic weight loss
post prandial pain
if splenic vein involved- splenomegaly, portal hypertension etc

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7
Q

diagnosis of pancreatic

A

us - will only show if >2cm you can asses for liver metatsist

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8
Q

markers for p cancer

A

CA-19

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9
Q

gall bladder cancer RF

A

women (due to higher oestrogen content)
primary scleorsing cholangitis
parasites- thailand opisthorchis
gall stones
porcelain gall bladder- remove prophylactically
IBD -
obese
chronic cholecystitis

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10
Q

labs for gall bladder cancer

A

ALP
LIVER ENZYMERS
GGT
anemia of chronic disease

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11
Q

tx of gall bladder cancer

A

cholecystectomy with partial liver and lN dissection

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12
Q

macroscopic colon cancer

A

PUAm

polypid
ulcerative
anular
mixed

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13
Q

histolgical types of colon cancer

A

adenocarcarinoams -commonly begin as a polyp
carcinoid tumours

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14
Q

carcinoid syndrme

what is the origin

A

FLUSHING
diarrhea + abdo pain

resp symptoms- wheezing, cough (ashtma like symptoms)

heart failure (less common) affcets the vaves

edema

caused by substances entering the systemic circulation - vasoactive substances such as SERATONIN

these tumours come for the enterochromaffin cells which are neuroendocrine cells usuually arise from GI and lung tumours

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15
Q

Which method is useful in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of tumors of the rectum?

A

ENDORECTAL ULTRASOINS

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16
Q

Whist is is the most common sit for metastasis of colorectal carcinomas?

A

liver then lung then retropertinoeum ….ovary (krukenberg)

17
Q

if you have a kruken berg what symptoms could you expect

A

dyspareunia
bloating
ascites

18
Q

whats a feature of krukenberg

A

secretes bare mucous hence hwy its name is signet ring tumour

19
Q

Which is the most common complication of the left-sided colon cancer?

A

Complete obstruction of the large bowel (ileus).

20
Q

Which is the most common complication of the right-sided colon cancer?

A

iron deficiency anemia

21
Q

most common tumour for lunch syndromes and descripton

A

it is a genetic mutation
AD - 50%
UTERUS 2
COLON CANCER 1(mostly on the RHS)

22
Q

OBSTIPATION

A

means no poo or gas

23
Q

MEN TYPE 1

A

AD - 50%
genetic mutation
3 p’s
pancreatic
pituatiary
parathyroid

most likely benign

24
Q

peutz jagers syndrome

A

common in kids to have bluish dots on lips and mucosa that fade as you get older
polpys that form in GI (mainly small intestines +stomach)

benign vibe

25
Q

which type of colon cancer msore common

which is better to have ?

A

LEFT

left

26
Q

which type of colon cancer more likely with iron deficiency anemia

A

RIGHT

27
Q

WHICH TYPE OF COLON is more likely to spread to peritoneum rather than liver and lung

A

right

28
Q

pellet like stools could mean

A

colon cancer

29
Q

what age do we start screening for colon

A

60

30
Q

FAP

A

Patients develop hundreds of adenomatous polyps in their teens and are virtually guaranteed to develop colorectal cancer by their 20s, unless they undergo prophylactic proctocolectomy.

Note that there is a high risk of developing duodenal cancer, so patients undergo regular endoscopic surveillanc

31
Q

indication for a FIT

A

> 40 unexplained weight loss and abdo pain >10 means need a colonscopy

another indication is a person over 60 who is anemic

32
Q

tumour marker for liver cancer

A

AFP

Gastro (8 decks)

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