Cancer Therapies: Cytotoxics and Targeted Flashcards
List some cytotoxic cancer therapy drugs.
“chemotherapy” - rapidly dividing cells. Types include:
Alkylating agents, which crosslink DNA, such as cyclophosphamide.
Platinums, which form DNA adducts, such as cis-“platin”.
Anthracyclines which block DNA intercalation, such as doxor-“ubicin”.
Anti-metabolites, which act as a false substrate, such as methotrexate, flurouracil and hydroxyurea.
Taxanes, which block microtubule disassembly, such as pacli-“taxel”.
Vinca alkaloids, which block microtubule assembly, such as vincristine.
Topoisomerase inhibitors, which block anti-torsion in DNA replicaton, such as tope-“tecan”.
List some of the side-effects of platinums.
neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, sensory neuropathy.
Why can chemotherapy fail to cure all cancer cells?
Kinetic resistance - low tumour growth rates.
Pharacokinetic resistance - inadequate dosing concentration.
Biological resistance - alterations in environment, such as insufficient vasculature to deliver drug to tumour.
Contrast “mabs” to “nibs”
Mabs are monoclonal antibodies that target tumour cell proteins or receptors located on the cell surface, these cell surface entities are necessary for tumour growth.
Nibs are small molecule inhibitors that block intracellular signalling pathways to prevent tumour cell growth.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for rituximab.
CD20.
Treatment of b cell lymphoma.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for trastuzumab.
Her2 receptor.
Treatment of breast and gastric cancers.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for bevacizumab.
VEGF receptor.
Treatment of colorectal, lung, brain, renal and ovarian cancers.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for cetuximab.
EGFR.
Treatment of colorectal, head and neck SCC.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for ipilimumab.
CTLA4.
Treatment of melanoma.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for imatinib.
c-KIT, BCR-ABL.
Treatment of CML, GIST.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for gefitinib.
EGFR.
Treatment of NSCLC.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for lapatinib.
EGFR and Her2
Treatment of breast cancer.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for dabrafenib.
BRAF mutation
Treatment of cutaneous melanoma.
Provide the target and a clinical indication for erlotinib.
EGFR and Her1.
Treatment of NSCLC and pancreatic cancer.
