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IHS > Cancer stuff > Flashcards

Cancer stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm

A

new tissue= tumor either benign or malignant

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2
Q

Cancer

A

uncontrolled growth of cells that dont belong

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3
Q

Malignant suffix

A

cell of origin

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4
Q

Benign suffix

A

oma

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5
Q

Gil-

A

nerve

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6
Q

Lelomy-

A

muscle

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7
Q

Chondro-

A

cartilage

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8
Q

Carcinoma (m)

A

epithelial

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9
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

glandular or ductal

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10
Q

sarcoma

A

bone connective muscle

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11
Q

terato

A

germ

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12
Q

melanoma

A

epithelial

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13
Q

neuroblastoma

A

adrenal glands or spinal cord

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14
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

abnormal growth in epithelial cells, sit up top and either become aggressive or go away

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15
Q

anaplasia

A

no form or differentiation (crowd out neighbors)

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16
Q

angiogenesis

A

new blood vessels

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17
Q

biomarkers

A

hormones that help to stage or diagnose

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18
Q

oncogene

A

mutant~regulate cell growth

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19
Q

Proto-oncogene

A

protein products of the gene regulate cycle (turn on growth)

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20
Q

tumor suppressor

A

supress proliferation, called antioncogenes

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21
Q

viruses=cancer

A

hpv, epstein bar (EBV), kaposis sarcocoma (KSV), human t cell leukemia lymphoma (HTLV) Helobactor pylori (H pylori)

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22
Q

what infection response = cancer

A

chronic inflammation

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23
Q

metastasis

A

spreads out far

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24
Q

stages of cancer 4

A

restricted to origin
Locally invasive
spread to lymph
spread to distant sites

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25
Q

Parneoplastic syndrome

A

symptoms due to hormones or immune response that were brought on bc of the tumor

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26
Q

Common clinical manifestation

A

pain fatigue cachexia anemia >9 treated by eyrythropoeitin; leukopenia and thrombovytopenia treated w hematopoietic growth factors

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27
Q

cachexia

A

anorexia bc of cancer even e good caloric intake

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28
Q

leukopenia

A

low wbc

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29
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

low plattelet

30
Q

neutrophil count ANC

A

determines neutropenia and infection risk

31
Q

leukocytosis

A

lot of wbc

32
Q

Bracytherapy

A

implanted seed of radiation

33
Q

radiation

A

damage cancers dna

34
Q

surgery

A

remove, biopsy, or just to relieve pain nd pressure

35
Q

cytokines

A

released by wbc to regulate immune response, interferons and interleukins r fake

36
Q

immune modulators

A

suppressz or stimulate immune function (T, B cells) use w organ transplants for ex , cyclosporine

37
Q

angiogenesis inhibitors

A

block cytokines which stimulate angiogenesis , thalidomide

38
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

targeted antibodies that suppress one cell subtype or receptor site, specific

39
Q

Premedicate before antibiotics to ,,,

A

so to prevent allergic reaction

40
Q

adjuvant chemotherapy

A

chemo + radiation/surgery to reduce metastais or tumor size

41
Q

if extravasation of vesicant,

A

stop infusion, aspirate what you can , apply compress, antidote, elevate extremity rest 48 hr, sterile dressing, photo for baseline

42
Q

advantages of intraathecal/ventricular

A

more consistent drug levels in csf, bypasses bloodbrfain barrier

43
Q

intraarterial advantage

A

delivers increased dose to tumor w low systemic effects

44
Q

adverse effects

A

rapidly dividing cells are targeted, myelospuppresion (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) GI disturbance n.v, cutaneous changes, hair skin nails

45
Q

nonspecific are more toxic bc

A

they attack everything during whole cell cycle

46
Q

effects of catecholamines on brfain

A

more bloodflow and glucose metabolsim

47
Q

effects of catecholamines on cv system

A

increased force of contraction and rate, peripheral vasoconstriciton

48
Q

effects of catecholmines on lungs

A

bronchodilagion

49
Q

effects of catecholamines on liver

A

more glucosze produc tion nd glycogenolysis

50
Q

where does cortisol come from

A

adrenal cortex crust, gluconeogenesis, antiiflamatory, immunosuppresive, ^blood glucose, v protein synthesis, fat in face/trunk, Ca excretion, decrease osteoblast, immune effects

51
Q

B endorphins

A

alter pain perception, modulate response to blood loss, released w lot of stress or blood loss

52
Q

neuropeptide

A

sympathetic transmitter in response to stressz, vasoactive, growth factor, atherosclerosis and tissue remodelin g

53
Q

adrenergic

A

(nor)epinephrine FIGHT FLIGHT

54
Q

Cholinerfgic

A

acetylcholine FEED BREED

55
Q

ach

56
Q

norephinephrine

A

sympathetic

57
Q

epinephrine

A

catecholmine by adrenal gland secreted w sympathetic response MAINNN

58
Q

alpha1

A

blood vessels, agonist = fight

59
Q

apla 2

A

cns, agonist inhibits norepinephrone

60
Q

BEta1

A

heart agonist=fight

61
Q

beta 2

A

lung and coronoary arteries, agonist- dilation of arterioles nd lungs, glycogenolysis, relax uterus

62
Q

adgrenergic agonist that are catecholmines

A

(nor)epinephine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine

63
Q

adgrenergic agonist that are NOTT catecholmines

A

phenylephrine, clonidine

64
Q

3 characteristics of catecholamines

A

short half life, npo, not cross bloodbrain barrier CANT TREAT BRAIN

65
Q

epinephrine+ beta 1
beta2
alpha 1

A

high heart rate
vasodilation in skeletal muscles
overrides beta 2 by causing vasoconstriction

66
Q

if epi extravasation

A

infiltrate w phentolamine

67
Q

phenylephrine used w colds bc

A

vasoconstriction= no congestion

68
Q

dopamine administered w iv pump bc

A

v potent vesicant

69
Q

nicotine pregnancy category

70
Q

indirect cholinergic agonists inhibit

A

acetylcholinesterase from removing ach but direct cholinergic dont

IHS (1 decks)

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