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Cancer stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm

A

new tissue= tumor either benign or malignant

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2
Q

Cancer

A

uncontrolled growth of cells that dont belong

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3
Q

Malignant suffix

A

cell of origin

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4
Q

Benign suffix

A

oma

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5
Q

Gil-

A

nerve

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6
Q

Lelomy-

A

muscle

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7
Q

Chondro-

A

cartilage

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8
Q

Carcinoma (m)

A

epithelial

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9
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

glandular or ductal

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10
Q

sarcoma

A

bone connective muscle

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11
Q

terato

A

germ

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12
Q

melanoma

A

epithelial

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13
Q

neuroblastoma

A

adrenal glands or spinal cord

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14
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

abnormal growth in epithelial cells, sit up top and either become aggressive or go away

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15
Q

anaplasia

A

no form or differentiation (crowd out neighbors)

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16
Q

angiogenesis

A

new blood vessels

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17
Q

biomarkers

A

hormones that help to stage or diagnose

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18
Q

oncogene

A

mutant~regulate cell growth

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19
Q

Proto-oncogene

A

protein products of the gene regulate cycle (turn on growth)

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20
Q

tumor suppressor

A

supress proliferation, called antioncogenes

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21
Q

viruses=cancer

A

hpv, epstein bar (EBV), kaposis sarcocoma (KSV), human t cell leukemia lymphoma (HTLV) Helobactor pylori (H pylori)

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22
Q

what infection response = cancer

A

chronic inflammation

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23
Q

metastasis

A

spreads out far

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24
Q

stages of cancer 4

A

restricted to origin
Locally invasive
spread to lymph
spread to distant sites

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25
Parneoplastic syndrome
symptoms due to hormones or immune response that were brought on bc of the tumor
26
Common clinical manifestation
pain fatigue cachexia anemia >9 treated by eyrythropoeitin; leukopenia and thrombovytopenia treated w hematopoietic growth factors
27
cachexia
anorexia bc of cancer even e good caloric intake
28
leukopenia
low wbc
29
Thrombocytopenia
low plattelet
30
neutrophil count ANC
determines neutropenia and infection risk
31
leukocytosis
lot of wbc
32
Bracytherapy
implanted seed of radiation
33
radiation
damage cancers dna
34
surgery
remove, biopsy, or just to relieve pain nd pressure
35
cytokines
released by wbc to regulate immune response, interferons and interleukins r fake
36
immune modulators
suppressz or stimulate immune function (T, B cells) use w organ transplants for ex , cyclosporine
37
angiogenesis inhibitors
block cytokines which stimulate angiogenesis , thalidomide
38
monoclonal antibodies
targeted antibodies that suppress one cell subtype or receptor site, specific
39
Premedicate before antibiotics to ,,,
so to prevent allergic reaction
40
adjuvant chemotherapy
chemo + radiation/surgery to reduce metastais or tumor size
41
if extravasation of vesicant,
stop infusion, aspirate what you can , apply compress, antidote, elevate extremity rest 48 hr, sterile dressing, photo for baseline
42
advantages of intraathecal/ventricular
more consistent drug levels in csf, bypasses bloodbrfain barrier
43
intraarterial advantage
delivers increased dose to tumor w low systemic effects
44
adverse effects
rapidly dividing cells are targeted, myelospuppresion (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) GI disturbance n.v, cutaneous changes, hair skin nails
45
nonspecific are more toxic bc
they attack everything during whole cell cycle
46
effects of catecholamines on brfain
more bloodflow and glucose metabolsim
47
effects of catecholamines on cv system
increased force of contraction and rate, peripheral vasoconstriciton
48
effects of catecholmines on lungs
bronchodilagion
49
effects of catecholamines on liver
more glucosze produc tion nd glycogenolysis
50
where does cortisol come from
adrenal cortex crust, gluconeogenesis, antiiflamatory, immunosuppresive, ^blood glucose, v protein synthesis, fat in face/trunk, Ca excretion, decrease osteoblast, immune effects
51
B endorphins
alter pain perception, modulate response to blood loss, released w lot of stress or blood loss
52
neuropeptide
sympathetic transmitter in response to stressz, vasoactive, growth factor, atherosclerosis and tissue remodelin g
53
adrenergic
(nor)epinephrine FIGHT FLIGHT
54
Cholinerfgic
acetylcholine FEED BREED
55
ach
parasymp
56
norephinephrine
sympathetic
57
epinephrine
catecholmine by adrenal gland secreted w sympathetic response MAINNN
58
alpha1
blood vessels, agonist = fight
59
apla 2
cns, agonist inhibits norepinephrone
60
BEta1
heart agonist=fight
61
beta 2
lung and coronoary arteries, agonist- dilation of arterioles nd lungs, glycogenolysis, relax uterus
62
adgrenergic agonist that are catecholmines
(nor)epinephine, isoproterenol, dopamine, dobutamine
63
adgrenergic agonist that are NOTT catecholmines
phenylephrine, clonidine
64
3 characteristics of catecholamines
short half life, npo, not cross bloodbrain barrier CANT TREAT BRAIN
65
epinephrine+ beta 1 beta2 alpha 1
high heart rate vasodilation in skeletal muscles overrides beta 2 by causing vasoconstriction
66
if epi extravasation
infiltrate w phentolamine
67
phenylephrine used w colds bc
vasoconstriction= no congestion
68
dopamine administered w iv pump bc
v potent vesicant
69
nicotine pregnancy category
d
70
indirect cholinergic agonists inhibit
acetylcholinesterase from removing ach but direct cholinergic dont

IHS (1 decks)

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