Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skin Lymph Blood Exam 2 > Cancer Pharmocology - Dr. Kruse > Flashcards

Cancer Pharmocology - Dr. Kruse Flashcards

1
Q

p-Glycoprotein (PGP) (MDR1)

A

linked to resistance if a cell type has this expressed

  • primary or natural resistance if expressed
  • acquired resistance if overexpressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tumor supressors act on

A

G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

oncogenes act on

A

G1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

as tumor spreads more reason its harder to cure

A

it takes up more of the organs
it slows its division rate because there are less BVs available to take over for nutrients
= chemotherapy drugs cant effectively target the cancer calls now since they arent as fast replicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to over come the BBB

A

intrathecal, intracavity, intra….

IMPLANTABLE WAFER coated with Carmustine = radiation constant in high grade malignant glioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alkalizing drugs can be toxic and cause what new cancers

A

ALL and AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemotherapy usually caues what common side effects

A 
hair loss
oral mucosa destruction
sperm forming cell destruction 
GI cell destruction 
BM destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hematopoietic agents

A

prevents or decreases the neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Seratonin receptor agonist

A

prevents or decreases the Nausea Vomiting (Zophran)

also called Ondansetron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bioohosphates

A

delay skeletal complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Akylating agents do what

A

bind to DNA esp Guanines and cause cross linking between then to prevent DNA uncoiling = no DNA replication or check points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cyclophosphamide side effects and what class of drugs

A

most used akylating agent and causes the most N/V

** Hemorrhagic cystits** = from Acrolein side product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Akylating agents include what 6 drugs and cell cycle

A
  1. Cyclophosphamide
  2. Carmustine
  3. Busulfan
  4. Procarbazine
  5. Dacarbazine
  6. Cisplatin

Cell cycle : nonspecific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to activate Cyclophosphamide

A

CYP450 2B

this makes Acrolein + Phosphate mustard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how to elliminate Side effects of cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA : inhibits Acrolein to avoid hemorrhagic cystitis

SERATONIN : to prevent N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cisplatin side effect

A

renal tubular damage, ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Busulfan side effects

A

pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antimetabolites do what

A

block metabolited for DNA replication

- effects S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antimetabolites 3 drugs and cell cycle

A
  1. Folic acid analog : methotraxate + Leucovorin
  2. Pyrimidine analog : 5-fluorouracil
  3. Purine analog : 6- mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Cell cycle : S-phase specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Methotrexate needs what and for what reason

A
  1. low dose Leucovorin rescue
    = rescues the normal cells that absorb it at low levels (not cancer cells that dont absorb anything at low levels
    = high dose methotrexate (cancer cells absorb it even the more resistant ones, so they die)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Methotrexate side effects

A

mucosal ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Methotrexate does what MOA

A

Blocks dihydrofolate reductase = no dTMP —-> dTTP made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does leucovorin do specifically

A

gives N5N10 methylene FH4 that allows call to still make dTMP —-> dTTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Methotrexate is used for what

A

psoriasis - immune supressor
RA - immune supressor
Cancer treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fluorouracil is what active compund and what is the MOA

A

FdUMP = active compound

it binds to thymidylate synthase and blocks dTMP being made which later becomes dTTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fluorouracil does what to DNA

A

alters the Uracil and how it is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mercaptopurine (6-MP) active form and metabolized form

A

HGPRT : makes monophosphate nucleotide 6-thioinsinic acid

Xanthinie oxidase : makes 6-thiouric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mercaptopurine (6-MP) used for what and side effect

A

acute leukemias

Tumor Lysis Syndrome causing hyperuricemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Drug to prevent Mercaptopurine (6-MP) side effects

A

Allopurinol : inhibits xanthine oxidase

** can cause build up of 6-Thiouric acid toxic so must be given with small amounts of 6MP to control this**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

allopurinol tx what

A

gout

toxic lysis syndrome hyperuricemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Antineoplastic agents are from what

A

bacteria or plants agents

32
Q

Antineoplastic agents 6 drugs

A
  1. Vinca alkaloids : Vinblastine + Veincristine
  2. Taxanes : Pacitaxel
  3. Epipodophyllotoxins : Etoposide
  4. Antibiotics : Doxorubicin
  5. Anthracenedione : Bleomycin
  6. Enzymes : L-Asparaginase
33
Q

Vinblastine + Veincristine
MOA
cell cycle

A

binds to B-tubulin and inhibits microtubule assembly or deporlaization (casues aggregation of the tubulin dimers)
M-phase only

34
Q

Vinblastine + Veincristine
side effects
which one has more of what

A

Vinblastine : more BM myelosuppression
Veincristine : more neurologic toxicites (numbness and tingling, XDTR, motor weakness)
COMMON TO BOTH : alopecia, BM depression

35
Q

Taxanes
MOA
cell cycle

A

Binds to B-tubulin to inhibit shortening of it by stabilizing microtubules, no divisions in cells
M-phase

36
Q

Paclitaxel side effects

A

Hypersensitivity hands toes, change in taste

37
Q

Docetaxel side effects and difference compared to Pacitaxel

A

smaller dose needed and less side effects, longer half-life

hypersensitivity, neutropenia, hair loss

38
Q

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel is made for what

A

breast cancer

39
Q

Topoisomerase 1
Topoisomerase 2
MOA

A
  1. cuts 1 strand of the DNA , relax strand, reattach it
  2. cutes both strands of DNA and coils and uncoils and supercoils
    X topoisomerases = cell death
40
Q

Camptothecins

A

topotecan, irinotecan = inhibits topisomerase 1

41
Q

Epipodophyllotoxins

A

etoposide, teniposide = inhibits topoisomerase 2

42
Q

Camptothecins and Epipodophyllotoxins

cell cycle

A

mainly phase S, some G1/G2

43
Q

Antitumor antibiotics 3 drugs

A
  1. Anthracyclines (doxorubicin)
  2. Bleomycin
  3. Dactinomycin
44
Q

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin)
MOA
cell cycle

A

inhibits topoisomease 2 + DNA intercalaltion

nonspecific cell cycle + specific

45
Q

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin) side effects

A

accumulation of free radicals

= dysrhythmias and heart failure

46
Q

Bleomycin

MOA

A

single and double strand DNA breaks

47
Q

Bleomycin side effects

A

some myelosuppression

** Pulmonary toxcicity (pneumonitis sx, cough, dyspnea, dry crackels)

48
Q

Dactinomycin MOA

A

DNA intercalation

49
Q

Asparaginase and pegaspargase

is used for what

A

ALL , targeted therapy by X asparagine to ALL cells which dont have asparaginie synthase enzyme

50
Q

Asparaginase and pegaspargase
MOA
cell cycle

A

hydrolyze L-asparagine —-> aspartic acid + ammonia = inhibit protein synthesis
Cell Cycle : G1 phase

51
Q

Asparaginase and pegaspargase

side effects

A

acute hypersensitivity*, fevers, chills, N/V, skin rash , urticaria

(clotting and bleeding problems, pancreatitis, CNA toxic)

52
Q

imatinib

for what and does what

A

9:22 CML

inhibits the ABL TK, RTK, PDGFR, KIT

53
Q

Erlotinib and Gefitinib does what and for what

A

TK ibhibitor of the EGFR

non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer

54
Q

Erlotinib and Gefitinib side effects

A

dermatologic toxicites : skin rash that looks like roscea or acne

55
Q

Ziv -aflibercept does what and MOA

A

TK + GF receptor inhibitor
= VEGFR 1 VEGFR 2 bind to IgG1 (Fc part)
= no VEGFR signaling

56
Q

VEGFR signaling pathways is for what

A

VEGF-A VEGF-B, PIGF (placental GF)

57
Q

Ziv -aflibercept
resistance can for how
side effects

A

Point mutations on the drug binding site

N/V, Acneform skin rash + hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)

58
Q

IL 2
INF-a2a, INF-a2b

WHAT and side effects

A

IL2 : increase CTL, NK cells (can cause capillary leak syndrome)
INF-2 : inhibits cell growth, M, Lymphocytes, (can cause BM depression, Neutropenia, anemia, renal toxic, edema, arrhythmia)

59
Q

Rituximab

A

CD20
Non-Hodgkins
X proloferation and differentiation

60
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

CD52

CLL

61
Q

Gemtuzumab

A

CD33

AML

62
Q

Trastuzumab

A

HER2/neu
breast
Tyrosine Kinase

63
Q

Cetuximab

A

EGFR (ErbB-1)
Colorectal, lung, pancreatic, breast
Tyrosine Kinase

64
Q

Bevacizumab

A

VEGF
colorectal, lung
Angiogenesis

65
Q

Ibritumomab + Tositumomab

A

CD20
Non-Hodgkins
Proliferation and Differentiation

66
Q

Melanoma 3 most active cytotoxic agents to give for it and response

A

Dacarbazine
Temozolomide
cisplatin
= slow response rare

67
Q

Melanoma is most effectively tx by and this is not a widely used thing that is approved

A

immunostimulation (IL2, INF2) higher response rate

68
Q

Melanoma TX most effective approved

A

Nivolumab + pembrolizumab = when melanoma is not resectable and metastatic

69
Q

mutation in most melanomas and 3 drugs against it

A

BRAF V600E (BARK kinase)

  1. Vemurafenib
  2. dabrafenib
  3. encorafenib
70
Q

Side effect one word : Methotrexate, melphalan

A

Mucositis

71
Q

Side effect one word : Bleomycin, busulfan

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

72
Q

Side effect one word : Vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy

73
Q

Side effect one word : Cisplatin

A

Ototoxicity

74
Q

Side effect one word : Doxorubincin, daunorubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity

75
Q

Side effect one word : Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide

A

Nephrotoxicity

76
Q

Side effect one word : Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

A

Hemmorrhagic cyctitis

Skin Lymph Blood Exam 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions