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Pharm Block 2 > Cancer Pharmacology (part II) > Flashcards

Cancer Pharmacology (part II) Flashcards

1
Q

What are two examples of Vinca Alkyloids?

A
  • Vinblastine

- Vincristine

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2
Q

How do vinca alkaloids act?

A

They bind specifically to the protein tubulin preventing microtubule assembly.

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3
Q

At what phase of the cell cycle do vinca alkaloids work?

A

M phase

  • No mitosis
  • Blocks cell division and induces apoptosis
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4
Q

What are the respective toxicities of vincristine and vinblastine?

A
  • Vincrinstine => neuropathy
    • Can be used in combination therapy because it does not affect the marrow like most cancer drugs
  • Vinblastine => bone marrow
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5
Q

What cancers are treated with vincristine?

A
  • Lymphoma
  • Sarcoma
  • Breast
  • Lung
  • Cervix
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6
Q

What cancers are treated with vinblastine?

A
  • Lymphoma

- Testicular

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7
Q

How are vinblastine and vincristine metabolized?

A

Hepatically

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Taxol?

A

Taxol binds to microtubules preventing normal mitosis.

- It acts to stabilize the microtubule structure preventing depolymerization and inducing apoptosis

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9
Q

What cancers are treated with Taxol?

A

High degree of activity in:

  • Breast
  • Lung
  • Ovarian cancers
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10
Q

What are examples of proteosomal inhibitors?

A
  • Velcade

- Carfilzomib

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of proteosomal inhibitors?

A

Inhibit degradation of proteins

- Leads to the activation of unfolded protein stress response pathway and apoptosis.

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12
Q

What cancers are proteosomal inhibitors used for?

A
  • Multiple myeloma

- Mantle cell lymphoma

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13
Q

What are examples of immunomodulatory drugs?

A
  • Thalidomide
  • Lenalidomide
  • Pomalidomide
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14
Q

What are uses for immunomodulatory drugs?

A
  • Leprosy
  • Graft vs. Host disease
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome (lenalidomide)
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15
Q

In what patients are immunomodulatory drugs CONTRA-indicated?

A
  • Patients who are actively trying to have children should not be given immunomodulatory drugs because they are highly teratogenic in both males and females
    • contraception should be used in these patients
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16
Q

Generally, what are major side effects of chemotherapy?

A
  • Anemia
  • Granulocytopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
17
Q

What growth factors are approved to prevent hematologic symptoms of chemotherapy?

A
  • G-CSF
  • GM-CSF
  • Epo
  • IL-11
  • Thrombopoietin
    • These factors stimulate the maturation of late procurers of specific cell lineages
18
Q

How are growth factors administered?

A
  • Subcutaneously
  • IV
  • Intramuscularly have longer half life but slower absorption
    • G and GM-CSF are given daily
19
Q

What are some side effects of growth factors?

A
  • Side effects are usually mild

- Bone pain, fever, and headache

20
Q

What are the indications for giving G-CSF and GM-CSF?

A
  • BMT
  • MDS
  • Neutropenia
  • Life threatening infections
21
Q

What are the indications for giving Epo?

A
  • Chronic renal failure
  • Anemia of chronic disease
  • MDS
  • AIDS
  • After chemotherapy
22
Q

What is the risk of erythropoiesis stimulating agents?

A

ESAs shortened overall survival and/or increased the risk of tumor progression or recurrence in clinical studies in patients with breast, non-small cell lung, head and neck, lymphoid and cervical cancer.

23
Q

What are ESAs indicated for?

A
  • Anemia due to the effect of concomitantly administered chemotherapy
24
Q

In what patients should ESAs NOT be used fin?

A

Should not be used in patients receiving myelosuppressive therapy when the anticipated outcome is a cure

25
Q

What are biologic response modifiers?

A
  • Biologic response modifiers are factors that modulate the response of the immune system
    • Essentially boost the patients OWN immune response to attack cancer
26
Q

What are the major biologic response modifiers used in cancer therapy?

A
  • Interleukines

- Interferons

27
Q

What interleukins is used in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma?

A
  • IL-2
28
Q

What diseases are interferons used in?

A
  • RCCa
  • NHL
  • Melanoma
  • CML
  • MS
29
Q

What effect do interferons have on heme cells?

A

Suppressive effect on heme cells

30
Q

How are IL-2 and interferons administered?

A
  • Both are administered subcutaneously

- IL-2 can be administered via IV but the side effects are severe

31
Q

What is Rituxin (Rituximab)?

A
  • First “humanized monoclonal antibody

- Targets CD20 which is present on pre-B and B-lymphocytes and most B cell Non- Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL)

32
Q

How is Rituxin administered?

A
  • IV on a weekly schedule
33
Q

How does Rituxin work?

A
  • Fc-mediated phagoytosis
  • Complement mediated cytotoxicity
  • Apoptosis induction
34
Q

Why is DNA methylation important in cancer therapy?

A
  • DNA methylation can suppress cancer genes

- DNA methylation on cancer suppressor genes can also be reversed ( to prevent the inhibition of cancer suppression)

35
Q

What are DNA methylation therapies used in?

A
  • AML

- MDS

Pharm Block 2 (15 decks)

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