Cancer Pharmacology

Question 1

Oncology definition

Answer 1

the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis,
and treatment of cancer. The study of cancer biology

Question 2

Cancer defintion

Answer 2

a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells

Question 3

Neoplasm (new growth) definition

Answer 3

a heritably altered, relatively autonomous growth

of tissue.

Question 4

Tumor defintion

Answer 4

any swelling or mass of tissue occupying a volume of space

Question 5

Benign defintion

Answer 5

having non-invasive and focal characteristics. Relatively differentiated.

Question 6

Malignant definition

Answer 6

Having dediffernetiated, invasive, and/or metastatic character

Question 7

Carcinomas

Answer 7

most common type of cancer that cover external and internal body surfaces. Lung, breast, and colon most frequent in US

Question 8

Sarcomas

Answer 8

Cancers from cells found in supporting tissues of the body such as bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and muscle

Question 9

Lymphomas

Answer 9

cancers that arise in body’s lymph nodes and tissues of the immune system

Question 10

Leukemia

Answer 10

cancers of the immature blood cells that grow in the bone marrow and accumulate in the blood stream

Question 11

Blastomas

Answer 11

cancers of primitive incompletely differentiated cells resembling the precursor cells of the cancer

Question 12

Melanoma

Answer 12

cancers originating from melanin-producing cells of the epidermis

Question 13

Cancer grading

Answer 13

a measure of the cancer’s anaplastic (reversion of differentiation) and is based on the resemblance of the neoplasm to the tissue of origin

Question 14

Tumor staging

Answer 14

1. size of tumor and how deeply it invades surrounding tissues
2. Spreading of cancer cells to regional lymph nodes
3. Metastasis of the cancer to other regions of the body

Question 15

Anti-proliferation

Answer 15

Cancer cells do not divide faster however more of them dividing actively

Question 16

Differential sensitivity

Answer 16

Chemotherapy needs to be more cytotoxic to the neoplastic cells compared to normal cells

Question 17

Cancer Chemotherapy goals

Answer 17

Rid of and prevent growth of neoplastic cells
Generally have narrow therapeutic index
Alleviate symptoms of cancer

Question 18

Tumor burden

Answer 18

larger tumors have lower growth fractions, less responsiveness, and greater propensity to metastasize

Question 19

Tumor cell heterogeneity

Answer 19

genetic changes to cells cause significant cellular variation

Question 20

Drug resistance

Answer 20

inherited or acquired resistance to chemotherapy

Question 21

Dose intensity

Answer 21

intended chemotherapy doses may not be given due to toxicity

Question 22

Patient-specific factors

Answer 22

intended chemotherapy may not be given due to toxicity

Question 23

Adjuvant chemotherapy

Answer 23

Given after surgery or radiation to kill remaining cancer cells

Question 24

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Answer 24

given before surgery to reduce tumor sie making it easier to remove

Question 25

Primary induction chemotherapy

Answer 25

the primary cancer chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced cancer in which alternative treatments do not exist

Question 26

Antimetabolites site

Answer 26

S phase

Question 27

Topoisomerase I inhibitors site

Answer 27

S phase

Question 28

Topisomerase II inhibitors site

Answer 28

G1 - S phase

Question 29

Taxanes site

Answer 29

M phase

Question 30

Vinca alkaloids site

Answer 30

M phase

Question 31

Antimicrotubule inhibitors site

Answer 31

M phase

Question 32

Antitumor antibiotics site

Answer 32

G2 - M phase