Cancer Pharmacogenomics

Question 1

What is the origin of the mutated cell if it is from the germ-line?

Answer 1

Germ cells

Question 2

What is the origin of mutated cells if they are somatic?

Answer 2

Tumor

Question 3

What is the sampling method for germ-line cancers?

Answer 3

Blood sampling

Buccal swab

Question 4

What is the sampling method for somatic cancers?

Answer 4

Tumor biopsy

Question 5

How can a liquid biopsy be used?

Answer 5

Early intervention
Localized disease
Metastatic disease
Refractory disease

Question 6

What are the pieces within a blood biopsy that are being detected?

Answer 6

Circulating tumor cells

cfDNA

Question 7

What dose the cfDNA show?

Answer 7

Size and vascularity of tumor

Question 8

How does a liquid biopsy help with early intervention?

Answer 8

Diagnose the cancer earlier through screening

Question 9

How is a liquid biopsy involved in localized disease?

Answer 9

Determine the risk of recurrence after treatment

Question 10

How is liquid biopsy used for metastatic disease?

Answer 10

Determine treatment selection based on the presence of biomarkers

Question 11

How is a liquid biopsy used for refractory diseases?

Answer 11

Determine mechanisms of resistance, disease progression and identification of newer treatments

Question 12

What drugs target HER2?

Answer 12

Trastuzumab
Pertuzumab
Lapatinib

Question 13

What is lapatinib?

Answer 13

TKI

Question 14

Which drugs target EGFR?

Answer 14

Cetuximab
Panitumumab
Gefatinib
Erlotinib
Lapatinib

Question 15

Which EGFR drugs are intracellular?

Answer 15

Gefatinib
Erlotinib
Lapatinib

Question 16

What are RFs for EGFR mutations?

Answer 16

Female
East Asian descent
Non-smokers
Adenocarcinomas

Question 17

What new drug is approved for T790M-mediated EGFR TKI resistance?

Answer 17

Osimertinib

Question 18

Cutaneous melanomas have mutations in what?

Answer 18

BRAF

Question 19

What drug is used to target BRAF mutations?

Answer 19

Vemurafenib

Question 20

What anti-cancer medication is metabolized by 2D6?

Answer 20

Tamoxifen

Question 21

What drugs are potent inhibitors of 2D6?

Answer 21

Fluoxetine
Paroxtine
Bupropion

Question 22

What are moderate inhibitors of 2D6?

Answer 22

Sertraline
Duloxetine
Cimetidine
Amiodarone
Haloperidol
Diphenhydramine
Trazodone

Question 23

Which tamoxifen allele has the least enzyme activity of 2D6?

Answer 23

*4

Question 24

What are the most common 2D6 alleles?

Answer 24

• 4
• 5
• 6
• 10
• 17

Question 25

What is the most common 2D6 allele for caucasians?

Answer 25

*4

Question 26

What is the most common 2D6 allele for AAs?

Answer 26

*17

Question 27

What is the most common a 2D6 allele for Japanese?

Answer 27

*10

Question 28

Which enzyme is involved in the metabolism of mercaptopurine?

Answer 28

TPMT

Question 29

What are the most common allele variations of TPMT

Answer 29

• 2

* 3

Question 30

When enzyme metabolizes irinotecan?

Answer 30

UGT1A1

Question 31

What is the most common allele that reduces glucuronidation in UGT1A1?

Answer 31

*28

Question 32

What toxicity is more common if a patient is on irinotecan and has a 28/28 genotype?

Answer 32

Neutropenia

Question 33

What is fluorouracil broken down by?

Answer 33

DPYD

Question 34

What is the most frequent allele for DPYD?

Answer 34

*2A