Cancer Pharm drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Cyclophosphamide
A
- class: cytotoxics
- forms DNA adducts/ intercalating agent
- targets DNA replication, chemically modifies the DNA and blocks DNA replication
2
Q
5-fluoro-uracil
A
- class: cytotoxics
- inhibits thymidylate synthetase
- stops the formation of deoxyribonucleotides and prevents formation of DNA
3
Q
Methotrexate
A
- class: cytotoxics
- inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
- prevents purine synthesis
4
Q
Vinca alkaloids (vincristine/ vinblastine)
A
- class: cytotoxics
- inhibit microtubule formation/ polymerization
side affects: peripheral neuropathy in addition to all cytotoxic side effects
5
Q
Taxanes (paclitaxel)
A
- class: cytotoxics
- inhibit depolymerization / they stabilize the microtubules
side affects: peripheral neuropathy in addition to all cytotoxic side effects
6
Q
cisplatin/ oxaliplatin
A
- class: cytotoxics
- form DNA adducts, usually @ N7 of guanine
- side effect: peripheral neuropathy
- nephrotoxicity for cisplatin more than oxaliplatin
- cytotoxic adverse events
7
Q
Irinotecan
A
- class: cytotoxics
- Top1 inhibitor
-used in Folfirinox combo for colon cancer
8
Q
Doxorubicin
A
- class: cytotoxics
targets: microtubules - lots of cardiotoxicity (bc oxidative stress, iron chelation?)
9
Q
cytotoxics adverse effects
A
- leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, immunosuppression, thrombocytopenia, anemia, longterm: leukemia due to mutagenesis
- ulceration, mucositis, diarrhea, vomiting
- alopecia
- premature menopause, reduced spermatogenesis
- impaired wound healing
- teratogenic
- tissue damage at injection site
10
Q
leucovorin
A
- used in combo with 5 FU
- can reduce methotrexate overdose toxicity
- enhances the binding of the 5-FU/ thymidylate synthase complex formation
11
Q
Cetuximab
A
- Anti-EGFR
- targets HER1
- (panitumumab also targets HER1)
- resistance due to downstream activating KRAS mutation
- lots of skin reactions (GI and cutaneous)
12
Q
Drugs targeting HER2
A
- pertuzumab & trastuzumab
- adverse effects of trastuzumab: cardiotoxicity. destroys the myocardium
- combining anti HER1 and anti HER2 has huge benefit
13
Q
VEGF inhibitors
A
Bevacizumab
- inhibits the angiogenesis
- used in melanoma & colon/ pancreatic cancers
adverse events: hypertension, thromboembolisms, GI perforations
* alternate use- macular degeneration
14
Q
EGFR kinase inhibitors & mutations
A
lung cancer - give gefitinib (theres also erlotinib)
- gefitinib resistance
- T790M mutation –> give osimertinib
- skin & GI toxocity
- can also acquire KRAS mutation
15
Q
CML treatment
A
- Imatinib for bcr-abl fusion protein
- also treats GIST
- also respond to cit & PDGFR
