Cancer Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is a tumour
A tumour is the abnormal multiplication of cells which makes the cells increase in number when their normal counterparts do not
Which type of cancer is more common in men than it is in women?
Cancer of the Kidney
Which are the three most common cancers in the UK in order?
Breast cancer
Lung Cancer
Bowel cancer
What is the definition of a benign tumour?
This is the local multiplication cells in a tissue but this does not compromise the function of the organ in any way
What is a malignant tumour?
This is when the tumour cells spread locally within a tissue which then starts to disrupt the functioning of the tissue
What is a Metastatic tumour?
This is when tumour cells escape the host tissue and invade other organs.
How many deaths from cancer are due to metastatic forms of the disease?
90% of deaths
What is the grading scale of prostate cancers called?
the Gleason grading of prostate cancers
What is one of the assumptions you are making when you grade cancers based on their histology?
you are assuming that just because a tumour looks the same it also behaves the same
What is anchorage independent growth?q
This is a quality of tumour cells, this means that they are able to grow without attachments to a substrate which is unlike normal cells.
what are there abnormal copies of in malignant breast tissue?
Chromosome 8
What is different about the chromosomes in tumour cells?
They have microscale deletions and amplifications compared to their normal cell counterparts
Do all cells in the same tumour have the same genome?
NO this makes the tumour even harder to treat
What is angiogenesis?
this is when tumour cells induce the growth and invasion of new blood vessels which oxygenate and infiltrate the tumour allowing it to grow more
what are the six hallmarks of cancer
No senesence don't respond to anti growth signal no apoptosis make their own growth signals they are invasive angiogenesis
