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Voice Final 1 > Cancer & Larygectomy > Flashcards

Cancer & Larygectomy Flashcards

1
Q

Tobacco products kill an estimated:

A

5 million+ people each year

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2
Q

Second hand smoke kills an estimated

A

600,000 people each year

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3
Q

Laryngeal cancer occurs in _________ Americans per year and causes _________ deaths

A

15,000+ occurrences and 4,800 deaths

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4
Q

90% of laryngeal cancers are:

A

Squamous cell carcinomas which are related to smoking

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5
Q

Types of laryngeal cancers (3) and percentage by type:

A

Supraglottic 35% (false VF, arytenoids, etc)
Glottic 65% (true VF)
Subglottic 5%

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6
Q

Risk of secondary tumors, especially if patient continues to smoke is

A

25%

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7
Q

Overall 5 year survival rate for glottic cancer:

A

85%

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8
Q

Overall 5 year survival rate for supraglottic cancer:

A

55%

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9
Q

Cancer stages are based on (5):

A 
>Location of primary tumor
>Tumor size (T)
>Lymph node involvement (N)
>Cell type & tumor grade
>Metastasis (M)
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10
Q

Primary Tumor (T): TX

A

Primary tumor cannot be evaluated

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11
Q

Primary Tumor (T): T0

A

No evidence of primary tumor

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12
Q

Primary Tumor (T): Tis

A

Carcinoma in situ (early cancer not spreading to neighboring tissue)

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13
Q

Primary Tumor (T): T1-4

A

Size and/or extent of primary tumor

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14
Q

Regional Lymph Nodes (N): NX

A

Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated

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15
Q

Regional Lymph Nodes (N): N0

A

No regional lymph node involvement

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16
Q

Regional Lymph Nodes (N): N1-3

A

Involvement of regional lymph nodes (number and/or extent of spread)

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17
Q

Distant Metastasis (M): MX

A

Distant metastasis cannot be evaluated

18
Q

Distant Metastasis (M): M0

A

No distant metastasis (cancer hasn’t spread)

19
Q

Distant Metastasis (M): M1

A

Distant metastasis (cancer has spread)

20
Q

Cancer staging: Stage 0

A

Tis, N0, M0

21
Q

Cancer staging: Stage I

A

T1, N0, M0

22
Q

Cancer staging: Stage II

A

T2, N0, M0

23
Q

Cancer staging: Stage III

A

> T3, N0, M0

>T1-3, N1, M0

24
Q

Cancer staging: IVA

A

> T4, N0, M0
T4, N1, M0
Any T, N2, M0

25
Q

Cancer staging: IVB

A

Any T, N3, M0

26
Q

Cancer staging: IVC

A

Any T, Any N, M1

27
Q

Oral cancers involve any/or all of these structures (5)

A 
>Tongue
>Floor of mouth
>Mandible
>Maxilla
>Palate
28
Q

Head and neck cancer treatments (3)

A

> Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgery

29
Q

Side effects of radiation therapy w/ or w/o chemotherapy

A

Xerostomia, inflammation, pain, fibrosis, alopecia, reduced taste, anorexia, decreased ROM of tongue/jaw, reduced pharyngeal constriction

30
Q

Types of Partial laryngectomies (5)

A 
>Supra glottic laryngectomy
>Supracricoid laryngectomy 
>Hemilaryngectomy
>Cordectomy
>Subtotal laryngectomy
31
Q

Total laryngectomy includes:

A

> Removing the larynx
Resection hyoid bone, pre-epiglottic space, thyroid, circoid, tracheal rings)
Trachea sutured to incision of the neck
Constrictor muscles are reconstructed to support the reconstruction of the trachea

32
Q

Types of communication post-laryngectomy (3)

A

> Electrolarynx
Esophageal Speech (ES)
Trachesophageal Puncture Prosthesis (TEP)

33
Q

Electrolarynx Communication

A

> Very robotic

>Voicing machine place at the neck under the chin while speaking

34
Q

Esophageal Speech

A

> Inhaling air into the esophagus

>Speaking while burping

35
Q

Trachesophageal Puncture Prosthesis (TEP)

A 
>Need respiratory support
>Cognition of 
>>>Occlusion of the stoma
>>>Cleansing of the prothesis
>Adequate vibratory PE segment
36
Q

Reasons for inserting tracheostomy tubes

A

Obstruction of the airway (post surgery) or provisional respiratory care

37
Q

How is a tracheostomy is done?

A

Tubes are inserted into the trachea via surgical incision between the 3rd and 4th tracheal rings

38
Q

What comprises a tracheostomy tube (3)?

A

> Outer cannula (holds site open)
Inner cannula (breathing tube)
Obturator (smooth tip for initial insertion)

39
Q

Types of tracheostomy tubes (3)

A

> Cuffed (prevents aspiration, used with ventilators)
Cuffles (risk of aspiration, assisted breathing and secretion removal, for long term use)
Fenestrated (smaller, short term, use for wearing and decannulation)

40
Q

Passy Muir and Provox are?

A

Speaking valves used as voice treatment for ventilator dependent or trached patients

Voice Final 1 (4 decks)

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