Cancer In The UK Flashcards
How many people had cancer in 2014 in the UK
296, 863
Which parts of UK have the highest incidence rate of cancer
North east and north west
Which region of England has he lowest incidence of cancer
London
What are the most common cancers in the UK
Breast, prostate and lung
Why is there such high prevalence of cancer on the north
In the north there are more risk factors of obesity:
Deprivation
Unhealthy lifestyles
Smoking
Obesity
Binge drinking
The most common type of cancer
Breast cancer 15.6%
Which age group is the most affected by cancer
Number of >70 y.o. Is 12% of the population but they account for 50% of total cancers registered in 2014
What happened with mortality and incidence rates over past years
Number of diagnoses has increased, mortality rate decreased due to advances in treatment
How rate of lung cancer changed
In comparison with 2005 rate for lung cancer has decreased by 9.1% for men and increased by 15.2% for women. This is because of increased smoking among women
Changes in premature deaths from cancer
In 1995 427.8 men and 268.4 women per 100,000 died early from cancer
By 2014, this has fallen to 332.7 men and 228,4 women per 100,000
How to minimise the risk of cancer
Stop smoking
Being a healthy weight - to maintain healthy weight you need to avoid fast food and sugary drinks
Only 500g of cooked red meat per weak
Processed meat eg bacon, salami and sausages linked to cancer
Reduce consumption of alcohol to 14 units of alcohol per week
Physical activity for 30 minuets per week
How many cases of larynx cancer are attributed to smoking
79% of hospital admissions for cancer of the larynx were attributed to smoking
Proportion of mortality in LIDCs and ECs
70% of all cancer deaths today are in LIDCs and ECs
Proportion of deaths from non- communicable diseases in middle and low income countries
75%
Social causes of high incidence of cancer
Air (PM 2.5) and water pollution
Social habits eg smoking and drinking
Education
Occupation
Economic causes of cancer
Income
Lung and stomach cancer- more deprived places
Poor healthcare
Cultural causes
Cultural influence lifestyle eg Muslim countries encourages women not to go out, so they don’t get exercise
Drinking culture in east Asia (Japan, South Korea)
Prevalence and mortality in the UK
163,000 cancer deaths in 2014
In males 86,500 deaths and 76,900 deaths in women in 2014
Incidence of cancer in the UK
357,000 new cases of cancer in 2014
Direct governmental strategies to mitigate against cancer
Direct clinical treatment eg surgery and chemotherapy
Reduce waiting time between diagnosis and treatment
Mass screening for Brest and cervical cancer
Control of pollution PM 2.5
Direct international agencies’ strategies to mitigate against cancer
Companies like MacMillan carry out independent awareness campaign
Research possible cures and treatment (eg genetic engineering)
Provide help to families who lost a member
Indirect government strategies to mitigate against cancer
UV forecast on met office to mitigate skin cancer
Education and health campaigns
Emphasis on changing lifestyle
Indirect international agencies’ strategies to mitigate against cancer
Work with governments to raise taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food
International agency for research on cancer, part of WHO
