Cancer Immunotherapy Flashcards
What is passive immunotherapy?
Gives the cancer patient antibodies and other agents so that the patient adopts an immune response
What is active immunotherapy?
The administration of tumor antigens to prime the patient’s endogenous immune system
What are the 4 pillars to cancer therapy?
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Immunotherapy
Why does a lot of new antibody therapies not pass late stage trials?
- Toxcitiy
- Ineffective
What are Antibody Effector Functions?
(READ THE BOOK)
What are the mAb effector mechanimss?
- COmplement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC)
- Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)
- Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxcitity (ADCC)
- Direct Cell Death
- Immune Stimulatory
- Checkpoint Blockade
What ae the Direct Targeting Mechanisms of mAb?
- Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC)
- Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)
- Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxcitity (ADCC)
What is the Classical Complement Cascade of the Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC)?
- Cascade of serine proteases
- Formation of Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
- Fast process
What can cause Programmed Cell Death?
Direct incubation with antibodies
What occurs in Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
- Dependent on engaging Fc γ Receptor
- Result in release of cytotoxic granules to elicit cell death in target
- Primarily associated with NK cells but monocytes and neutrophils are capable
What occurs in Antibody Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP)?
- Dependent on ability to engage Fc gamma receptors
- Primarily the role of macrophages within solid tumours
How many antibody immunotherapies approved for treating cancer?
68
What is an example of bispecific Ab?
Blinatumomab
What is an example of Ab-Drug Conjugate?
Transtuzumab-emtansine
What is an example of Immunomodulatory?
Ipilimumab
What is the example of Direct targeting?
Rituximab
How many of the 68 antibody immunotherapies are directed targeted at tumour cells?
16
How many of the 68 antibody immunotherapies are targeted towards unique proteins?
6
