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MCB II Block 1 > Cancer II > Flashcards

Cancer II Flashcards

1
Q

static cell population ex

A

nerve cell
skeletal
cardiac muscle
erythrocyte

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2
Q

static cell, once they are differentiated

A

they wont’ go through cel cycle

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3
Q

now and then divider ex

A

hepatocytes

fibroblast

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4
Q

now and then diver, about dividng

A

they arent usually but if a wound occurs they will be stimulated to go into cell cycle

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5
Q

stem cell ex

A

spermatogonia

epithelial stem cell

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6
Q

stem cell cell cycle

A

constantly dividing short half life

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7
Q

cell cycle

A

G1 S G2 M

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8
Q

interphase what stages

A

G1 S G2

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9
Q

cytokinesis

A

splitting of one cell into two daughter cells

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10
Q

growth phase

A

interphase

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11
Q

G1 to S phase is important

A

checkpoint

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12
Q

restriction point or

A

R point

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13
Q

R point

A

*

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14
Q

if no growth factor signaling in G1

A

when cell exits mitosis it comes into G1 if there are no growth factors being secreted it will exit cell cycle and go into G0

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15
Q

up until restriction point cells are sensitive to

A

growth factor and antigrowth factor signaling

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16
Q

some growth factor secreted and then it stops

A

cell will go into G0

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17
Q

if there’s enough growth factor signling that cell gets to restriction point, it’s known as the

A

point of no return

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18
Q

once a cell passes a restriction point

A

it’s too late to stop going through the self cycle or it will kill itself by apoptosis. it can no longer go to G0 and just be

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19
Q

G1 to S phase is past the

A

R point

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20
Q

once it’s past the R point the cell can still

A

repair damage

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21
Q

prophase

A

genome starts condensing

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22
Q

prometaphse

A

breakdown of nuclear envelope

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23
Q

metaphse

A

sister chromatidds lined up in center of spindle

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24
Q

anaphse

A

pull sister chromatids apart to opposite pulls

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25
important checkpoint in mitosis
metaphse to anaphse transition
26
metaphase to anaphase checkpoint is important for preventing
anaploidy
27
telphase
nuclear envelopes reforme
28
ctokinesis
cell splits to two daughter cells
29
to get from metphase and anaphase need activation of what protein
APC/C
30
APC/C
anaphase promoting complex or cyclesome
31
when cell is in G1 how many copies of chrom.
2 copies
32
S phase how many copies of chrom
2 or 4
33
G2 phase how many copies of chrom
4
34
if theres enough antigrowth signaling before restrictoin point cell can
go into G0
35
G1→ s phase checkpoint checks for
dna damage
36
restriction point sees if what
is envriornment faoriable? is it ok to proceed through cell cycle
37
DNA damage can activate
checkponits at all stages of cell cycle
38
dna damage activates checkpoints larger through activation of what
p53
39
cyclin-cdk complexes regulate
different stages through cell cycle
40
early G1 what is the first cyclin cdk complex to get activated
cyclin D CDK 4
41
G1 - S phase what cyclin
cyclin E CDK 2 complex
42
the cyclin dependent kinases have their name b/c
their kinase activity is dependent on the presence of their particular cyclin
43
cyclin CDK 4 is dependent on precense of
cyclin D
44
once Cdks are active they will
phosphorylate and continue next stage in cell cycle
45
cyclins are called cyclin b/c
their expression levels are cyclicle, they are cycling w/ cell cycle
46
cyclin dependent kinases are expressed at what level
constantly expressed at same level | but they wont be active until their cyclin expressed
47
anytime cell finishes that cycle the cyclin response for that stage what happens
poly-ubiquinated and degraded
48
at the end of m phase there are what regarding cyclins
ubiquitin ligase complex that will degrase any remaining cyclins
49
APC/C complex is part of what complex
ubiquitin ligase complex responsible of degradation of cyclins
50
draw diff. cycin-CDKs at the different cell cycle they are expressed at
pg 18
51
major cyclin complex involved in G1
Cyclin D-CDK4 Cyclin D-CDK6 major one is 4
52
once cyclin D-CDK 4
phosphorylation of Rb - release E2F which then transcribes cyclin E
53
Cyclin E expression you are past
restriction point
54
G1 into S what is the cyclin complex
Cyclin E - CDK2 complex
55
CDK2 complex phorphorylates
proteins that push it into S phase
56
When cell is in S phase what cyclin complex
Cyclin A-CDK2
57
major mitotic cyclin
Cyclin B-CDK1 | also Cyclin A-CDK1
58
Cyclin B-CDK1 is also called
M cyclin-cdk complex or MPF
59
MPF stands for
maturation promoting factor | think of it as mitosis promoting factor
60
Draw out external signal to MYC RAS pathway
pg 20 | RAS - RAF- MEK (look up and draw this out!)
61
what is function of normal Rb
inhibits E2F
62
what happens in retinoblastoma
No Rb so nothing inhibiting E2F - constantly stimulating proliferation
63
if there's DNA damage p53 will
accumulate
64
p53 is a
TF
65
when p53 accumulates it transcribes
p21
66
E2F TF transcribes
DNA polymerase | Cyclin E
67
what happens in cells to speed up
feedback regulation
68
E2F starts to transcribe Cyclin E which activates cdk2, this complex can also phosphorylate
any remaining Rb
69
most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood
retinoblastoma
70
metastesis of retinoblastoma usually occur within
12 months
71
almost all untreated pts of retinoblastoma die within
2 years of disease
72
CDK inhibitors are
negative regulators of cell cycle
73
INK4 inhibt
kinase 4
74
INKs include
p15, p16, p18, p19
75
all the INKs inhibit
kinase 4
76
p21
can block all the cyclin CDK complexes
77
CIP stands for
Cdk inhibitor proteins
78
CIP block
all cyclin -cdk complexes
79
p53 can block cell cycle
at any stage (via p21)
80
in non-proliferating cell what is Rb doing
it is active and bound to E2F, stopping it from continuing which would lead to proliferation
81
in a non-proliferating cell is there is active p16 what does it do
it blocks cyclin D CDK4 complex
82
another name for p16
CDKN2A
83
TGF beta signaling pathway normally induces transcription of
INKs | p15 and p16
84
TFG beta activate
SMAD
85
TGF beta blocks
cyclin D-CDK4 complex
86
list steps for and draw out for TGF b signalign pathway
pg 34
87
TGF beta prevents
phosphorylation of pRB and blocks cell cycle progression
88
LFS stands for
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS)
89
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) | what is inherited mutation
1 mutated p53 allele
90
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) have increased risk
for developing cancer
91
clinical diagnosis for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS)
sarcoma under age of 45
92
p53 is a
tumor suppressor gene
93
what is most frequently mutated gene in human cancer
p53
94
what regulates p53
lack of nucletodies, UV radation (any DNA damage) oncogenic signaling hypoxia shortening of telomeres
95
by activating p53, what is that saying
accumulation of p53
96
p53 is constantly
made in cell but then degraded
97
p53 what does it do
cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, blocks angiogenesis if high levels then apoptosis
98
p53 first transcriptional target
p21
99
very high levels of p53 it will transcribe
pro-apoptotic genes to kill cell
100
if there is DNA damage what happens to p53
it accumulates due to more phosphorylation which stabilizes the p53
101
p21 can inhibit
all the cyclin/CDK complexes
102
in a proliferating cell where will p16 be
not active

MCB II Block 1 (12 decks)

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