Cancer Drugs Flashcards
What is the MOA of Cyclophosphamide?
Alkylate DNA
What are the toxicities of Cyclophosphamide?
Forms acrolein –> hemorrhagic cystitis
What are special considerations of Cyclophosphamide?
MESNA/hydration to prevent/treat HC
What is the MOA of Carmustine?
Alkylate DNA
What are special considerations of Carmustine?
Crosses BBB
What is the MOA of Cisplatin?
Alkylate DNA
What are toxicities of Cisplatin?
- Renal toxicity
- Acoustic nerve damage
What are special considerations of Cisplatin
Give Amifostine (for renal tox)
What is the MOA for Doxorubicin?
Alkylate DNA
What are the toxicities of Doxorubicin?
Cardiotoxic due to free radicals produced; toxicity increased by iron
What are special considerations for Doxorubicin?
Give Dexrazoxane (iron chelator to decrease toxicity)
What is the MOA of Methotrexate?
Antimetabolites (S Phase)
Inhibits DHFR
Blocks DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
What are toxicities of Methotrexate?
- Mucositis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Nephrotoxicity
What are special considerations of Methotrexate?
Leucovorin rescue (bypasses inhibited reductase)
What is the MOA of 6-Mercaptopurine?
Antimetabolites (S Phase)
Converted by HGPRT to a ribonucleotide which inhibits synthesis of purine nucleotides: DNA, RNA
What are toxicities of 6-Mercaptopurine?
- Bone marrow suppression
- Jaundice
- Allopurinol = fatal blood dyscrasias
What are special considerations with 6-Mercaptopurine?
Leucovorin rescue
Avoid use with allopurinol or reduce dose
What is the MOA for 5-Fluorouracil?
Antimetabolites (S Phase)
Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) – blocks DNA synthesis
What are toxicities of 5-Fluorouracil?
Oral, GI ulcerations
What are special considerations with 5-Fluorouracil?
Leucovorin enhances response
What is the MOA for Paclitaxel?
Mitosis Inhibitors (M Phase)
Binds beta-tubulin
What are toxicities of Paclitaxel?
- Myelosuppression (severe)
- Anemia
- Peripheral neuropathy
What is the MOA for Vincristine?
Mitosis Inhibitors (M Phase)
Bind to tubulin –> cell cycle arrest
What are toxicities of Vincristine?
Neurotoxicity
What is the MOA for Vincblastine?
Mitosis Inhibitors (M Phase)
Bind to tubulin –> cell cycle arrest
What are the toxicities for Vincblastine?
Myelosuppression
What is the MOA for Bleomycin?
G2-M Phase
Binds directly to DNA
What are toxicities of Bleomycin?
- Hypersensitivity
- Pulmonary fibrosis
What are special considerations with Bleomycin
Has low myelosuppression
What is the MOA for Imatinib (Gleevac)?
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
Inhibits Bcr-Abl
What are toxicities of Imatinib (Gleevac)?
Edema
What are special considerations with Imatinib (Gleevac)?
Leukemias; test for mutation
What is the MOA for Cetuximab?
Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitor
Antibody that binds EGF receptor to inhibit tyrosine kinase –> growth inhibition/apoptosis
What are toxicities of Cetuximab?
- Acneiform skin rash
- Hypomagnesemia
What are special considerations with Cetuximab?
Test for EGFR expression and mutations
What is the MOA for Erlotinib?
Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitor
Blocks ATP binding to EGF receptor –> growth inhibition/apoptosis
What are toxicities for Erlotinib?
Rash, diarrhea, anorexia
What are special considerations with Erlotinib?
Test for EGFR expression and mutations
What is the MOA for Bevacizumab?
Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitor
Prevents binding to VEGF receptor –> inhibits angiogenesis –> slows blood supply/tumor growth
What are toxicities of Bevacizumab?
- Bleeding
- Thromboembolism
