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Blood and Cancer > Cancer drugs > Flashcards

Cancer drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cisplatin

A

Category:
Alkylators/cross-linkers

Related drugs:
Oxaliplatin, carboplatin

MOA:
Cross-linking of DNA

Dose limiting toxicity:
Peripheral Neuropathy

Other toxicity:
ototoxicity, myelosuppression

Clinical use-examples:
testicular, bladder, lung, colon, ovarian CA

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2
Q

Cylcophosphamide

A

Category:
Alkylators/cross-linkers

Related drugs:
(alkylating agents) ifosfamide, busulfan, carmustine

MOA:
Alkylation and cross-linking of DNA

Dose limiting toxicity:
myelosuppression

Other toxicity:
hemorrhagic cystitis

Clinical use-examples:
many regimens: leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors

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3
Q

Cytarabine

A

Category:
Antimetabolites

Related drugs:
(pyrimidine antimetabolites) gemcitabine

MOA:
inhibitor of DNA polymerase, misincorporation into DNA

Dose limiting toxicity:
myelosuppression

Clinical use examples:
leukemias, lymphomas

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4
Q

Flurouracil (5-Fluoruracil)

A

Category:
Antimetabolites

Related drugs:
Capecitabine

MOA:
activated to FdUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthetase, also misincorporated into RNA

Dose limiting toxicity:
myelosuppression

Other toxicity:
GI

Clinical use examples:
colon CA, many solid tumors

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5
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

Category:
Antimetabolites

MOA:
inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase which is required to convert ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides

Dose limiting:
myelosuppression

Other toxicity:
GI

Clinical use examples:
melanoma, CML

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6
Q

Methotrexate

A

Category:
Antimetabolites

MOA:
DHFR inhibitor

Dose limiting toxicity:
myelosuppression

clinical-use examples:
ALL, choriocarcinoma, lymphomas, many solid tumors

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7
Q

Thioguanine (6-thioguanine)

A

Category:
Antimetabolites

Related drugs:
mercaptopurine, cladribine

MOA:
inhibitor of purine metabolism

Other toxicity:
myelosuppression

Clinical use:
acute leukemias, chronic myelocytic leukemia

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8
Q

Bleomycin

A

MOA:
interacts with DNA and catalyzes free radical formation and DNA destruction

Dose limiting:
Pulmonary Fibrosis

Other toxicity:
radiation recall, skin lesions

use:
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, testicular CA

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9
Q

Bevacizumab

A

MOA :
antibody against VEGF, inhibits angiogenesis

Other toxicity:
vascular toxicity (e.g. stroke or myocardial infarction)

use:
epithelial cancers in combo with std therapy

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10
Q

Cetuximab

A

Related drugs:
panitumumab

MOA:
monoclonal antibody against the extracellur domain of EGFR (a receptor tyrosine kinase)

other toxicity:
skin lesions

use:
colon CA, head/neck tumors

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11
Q

Crizotinib

A

Related drugs:
Ceritinib

MOA:
ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) inhibitor

Other toxic:
bradycardia, visual disturbances

Use:
non-small cell lung CA

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12
Q

Erlotinib

A

Related drugs:
Gefitinib

MOA:
EGFR inhibitor

other toxic:
skin lesions

use:
colon CA

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13
Q

Imatinib

A

Related drugs:
dasatinib, nilotinib

MOA:
inhibitor of ABL, Kit, PDGF-R tyrosine kinases

Other toxic;
fluid retention, some myelosuppression

Use:
CML, GIST

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14
Q

Rituximab

A

MOA:
binds to CD20 on the surface of B cells and leads to antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Toxic:
myelosuppression

other toxic:
sensitivity reactions

use:
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, B cell leukemias

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15
Q

Sunitinib

A

Related drugs:
sorafenib, pazopanib

MOA:
inhibitor of RTKs including VEGF-R, PDGF-R, cKit

other toxic:
vascular toxicity

use:
inhibits angiogenesis and some growth factor dependent tumors: renal cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Trastuzumab

A

MOA:
binds to Her2 on cancer cells and stimulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Other toxicity:
cardiac

Use:
breast CA

17
Q

Vemurafenib

A

MOA:
inhibitor of mutant BRAF kinase

Toxic:
skin lesions

Use:
melanoma

18
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Related drugs:
Docetaxel

MOA:
binds tubulin and stabilizes microtubules

Toxic:
myelosuppression

Other toxic:
Sensory neuropathy

Use:
ovarian, breast, lung, GI tumors

19
Q

Vincristine

A

Related drugs:
vinblastine

MOA:
interacts with tubulin and prevents microtubule polymerization

Toxic:
Peripheral Neuropathy, myelosuppression

Use:
leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors

20
Q

Bortezomib

A

MOA:
a boronic acid containing dipeptide that inhibits the proteasome and stimulates apoptosis

Toxic:
peripheral neuropathy, mylesuppression

Use:
multiple myeloma

21
Q

Asparaginase (L-asparaginase)

A

Related drugs:
pegaspargase (pegylated version of asparaginase) with a longer half life

MOA:
degrades asparagine in the circulation and starves tumor cells that can not synthesize asparagine

Toxic:
Hypersensitivity reactions

Use:
ALL and lymphomas

22
Q

Anastrozole

A

Related drugs;
letrozole

MOA:
aromatase inhibitor

Toxic:
estrogen withdrawl symptoms

Use:
post-menopausal breast CA

23
Q

Leuprolide

A

Related drugs:
goserelin, nafarelin

MOA:
GnRH analog that causes GnRH receptor down regulation and decreased LH and testosterone

Toxic:
steroid withdrawl effects

Use:
metastatic prostate, pre-menopausal breast CA

24
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Related drugs:
toremifene

MOA:
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-acts to inhibit ER in breast CA

Toxic;
estrogen withdrawl symptoms, risk increase for endometrial CA

Use:
pre and post-menopausal breast CA

25
Q

Dactinomycin

A

MOA:
intercalates into DNA and blocks RNA and DNA synthesis

toxic:
myelosuppression

other toxic;
radiation recall

use:
choriocarcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor

26
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Related drugs:
(anthracyclines) daunorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin

MOA:
inhibitor of the topoisomerase II-DNA complex

Toxic:
myelosuppression cardiomyopathy

other toxic:
radiation recall

Use:
lyphomas, breast CA, other solid tumors

27
Q

Etoposide

A

related:
teniposide

MOA;
inhibitor of the topoisomerase II-DNA complex

Toxic:
myelosuppression

Use:
testicular, small cell lung, lymphomas, leukemias

28
Q

Irinotecan

A

Related drugs:
topotecan

MOA:
inhibitor of topoisomerase I-DNA complex

Toxic:
myelosuppression

Other toxic:
severe diarrhea

Use:
colon, ovarian, small cell lung CA

29
Q

Allopurinol

A

Related drugs:
Rasburicase

MOA:
allopurinol: xanthine oxidase inhibitor rasburicase: urate oxidase [both drugs reduce uric acid levels during tumor cell breakdown]

use:
often used when treating leukemias and lymphomas

30
Q

Aprepitant

A

Related drugs:
casopitant, netupitant, rolapitant

MOA:
Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists that help control emesis

31
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

MOA:
iron chelating agent that can help prevent doxorubicin induced cardiac toxicity

use:
antidote to cardiotox of doxorubicin

32
Q

Filgrastim

A

related:
other hematopoietic stimulators

MOA:
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analog, stimulates neutrophil production

Toxicity:
bone pain

Use:
treat neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation

33
Q

Leucovorin (folinic acid)

A

MOA:
a tetrahydrofolate analog that can rescue cells from methotrexate toxicity, also binds with FdUMP to covalently inhibit thymidylate synthetase

Use:
with high dose methotrexate therapy

34
Q

Mesna

A

MOA:
2-mercaptoethanesulfonate that inactivates toxic metabolites like acrolein in the urine

Use:
antidote to prevent bladder cystitis from cyclophosphamide

35
Q

Ondansetron

A

MOA:

serotonin 5-HT3 receptor inhibitor used to treat nausea and vomiting

36
Q

Prednisone

A

Related:
Dexamethasone

MOA:
direct suppression of lymphomas and leukemias, also inhibits leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, inhibits leukocyte function and traffic control to produce strong antiinflammatory effects

Toxic:
many toxicities if used chronically (hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, fat redistribution)

use:
often used in leukemia/lymphoma regimens

Blood and Cancer (2 decks)

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