Cancer Drug Hardy

Question 0

Platinum complexes

Answer 0

DNA alkylating agents-cross links base pair and bends DNA
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

Question 1

Nitrogen mustards

Answer 1

DNA alkylating agent
Mechlorethamine
Cyclophosphamide

Question 2

Alkyl sulfonate

Answer 2

DNA alkylating agent

Bushel fan

Question 3

DNA alkylating agent mechanism

Answer 3

Cross links DNA-interferes with unwinding ability

Question 4

Mechlorethamine

Answer 4

Most reactive nitrogen mustard

Question 5

Toxicity of cyclophosphamide

Answer 5

Cardio toxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, hematuria

Question 6

MESNA

Answer 6

Added to cyclophosphamide to prevent toxicities

Question 7

Cisplatin toxicity

Answer 7

Renal damage (reduced hydration), ototoxicity with hearing loss, peripheral sensory neuropathy

Question 8

Busulfan toxicity

Answer 8

Bone marrow depression (stem cells)

Question 9

Antimetabolites

Answer 9

Methotrexate
Fluorouracil
Capecitabine
Cytarabine
Mercaptopurine
Asparaginase

Question 10

Methotrexate mechanism

Answer 10

Analog of folic acid
Competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
Blocks dTMP synthesis which is required for DNA synthesis
Inhibits folate dependent enzymes

Question 11

Methotrexate toxicity

Answer 11

Hepatic necrosis

Bone marrow depression

Question 12

Fluorouracil mechanism

Answer 12

Makes fraudulent dUMP

Inhibits thymidylate synthase

Question 13

Flurouracil toxicity

Answer 13

Sever ulceration of oral and GI mucosa

Diarrhea

Question 14

Cytarabine toxicity

Answer 14

Bone marrow depression

Question 15

6 mercaptopurine

Answer 15

Metabolized in liver (xanthine oxidase and TPMT)
Toxicity=bone marrow depression
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors= reduce drug 75%

Don’t give pts with TPMT and HGPRT

Question 16

Asparginase Erwinia chrysanthemi (erwinaze)

Answer 16

Mechanism: hydrolyze asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia

Toxicity =risk of anaphylaxis

Question 17

Microtubule inhibitors

Answer 17

Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Mechanism= metaphase arrest leads to apoptosis
Toxicity= bone marrow, peripheral sensory neuropathy

Question 18

Topoisomerase inhibitors

Answer 18

Doxorubicin
Irinotecan
Mechanism= no way to fix nicked DNA

Question 19

Anthracycline antibiotics

Answer 19

Inhibits topoisomerase II

Toxicity= acute and chronic cardiac toxicity

Question 20

Doxorubicin toxicity

Answer 20

ECG changes, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiotoxicity, bone marrow depression
Does this by free radical damage

Question 21

Dexrazoxane

Answer 21

Used to protect from cardiotoxicity and extravasation from IV doxorubicin

Question 22

Irinotecan

Answer 22

Severe GI toxicity
UGT1A1 28 polymorphism
Used for colon cancer

Question 23

Bleomycin

Answer 23

Free radical generator, DNA fragmentation
NO bone marrow toxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 24

Hormone inhibitors

Answer 24

Examastane Letrozole Anastrozole Goserelin acetate

Question 25

Exemestane, letrozole, anastrozole mechanism

Answer 25

Block androgen to estrogen

Question 26

Pamidronate disodium

Answer 26

Used for bone density loss to do hormone inhibitors

Question 27

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Answer 27

``` Trastuzumab Bevacizumab Cetuximab Rituximab Tamoxifen Imatinib ```

Question 28

Trastuzumab

Answer 28

Antibody to HER2 receptor | Toxicity: weaken heart muscle, congestive heart failure

Question 29

Bevacizumab

Answer 29

Antibody to VEGF Used fir metastatic colorectal cancer Toxicity: CHF, GI perforations

Question 30

Cetuximab

Answer 30

Binds EGFR or HER1 Colorectal cancer Only for people who express wildtype KRAS

Question 31

Rituximab

Answer 31

Antibody to CD20 Used for B cell malignancies Side effects: HBV reactivation, PML

Question 32

Tamoxifen

Answer 32

Binds estrogen receptor Estrogen dependent breast cancer Toxicity: endometrial cancers, venous thrombosis, pulmonary emboli

Question 33

Lapatinib

Answer 33

HER2 and HER1 inhibitor

Question 34

Imatinib

Answer 34

Inhibitor of constitutive active Bcr-alb tyrosine kinase

Question 35

Nilotinib

Answer 35

Inhibitor of Bcr-abl tyrosine kinase

Question 36

Pronatinib

Answer 36

Inhibits unmutated and all mutated forms of Bcr-abl

Question 37

ATRA

Answer 37

Toxicity: retinoids acid syndrome Target: APL

Question 38

ATO

Answer 38

Toxicity: atrial or ventricular arrhythmias Target: relapsed APL