Cancer - Disease Progression and Genes

Question 1

What is a Vogelgram?

Answer 1

The Vogelram is the multistep cancer progression model, based on the progressive accumulation of genetic alterations involving critical tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes in a series of steps, has provided the framework to understand the initiation, progression, and spread of cancer.

Question 2

FAP

Answer 2

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Question 3

HNPCC

Answer 3

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer aka lynch syndrome.

Question 4

What are the main genes involved in Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer?

Answer 4

DNA mismatch repair genes.

Question 5

Explain the epithelial lining of the colon.

Answer 5

Sheets of columnar epithelial which form crypts and villi.

Question 6

What are the four differentiated cell types in the colon?

Answer 6

1. The colonocytes or absorptive epithelial cells
2. The mucus-secreting goblet cells
3. Peptide hormone-secreting entero-endocrine cells
4. Paneth cells

Question 7

A mutation in what gene is implicated in 60-80% of colorectal cancers?

Answer 7

APC

Question 8

Which gene is seen mutated in 60% of melanomas?

Answer 8

B-RAF gene

Question 9

APC gene

Answer 9

Adenomatous polyposis coli gene