Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ALH 1140 > Cancer - Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Cancer - Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a new formation or new growth that serves no useful purpose?

A

Neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a swelling or an enlargement and is used interchangeably with the term “neoplasm”?

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What may be benign or malignant depending on its growth pattern, cell characteristics, potential for cells to move from one part of the body to another (metastasis), tendency to recur, and capacity to cause death?

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of tumor remains localized as a discrete mass and has an excessive growth of cells but may grow slowly and is rarely fatal?

A

Benign Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of tumor is usually encapsulated and doesn’t infiltrate surrounding tissue or tends to recur when surgically removed?

A

Benign Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of tumor is invasive, grows rapidly, is sometimes anaplastic, and can metastasize through the blood or lymph?

A

Malignant Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of tumor is not normal, distorted in size, shape, and structure, and if untreated death can occur as a result?

A

Malignant Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which Tumors are cancerous?

A

Malignant Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which tumors are non-cancerous?

A

Benign Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three category divisions of cancer?

A

Carcinomas
Sarcomas
Cancers of Blood and Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the order of the progressive evolution of cancer cells?

A

Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Carcinoma In Situ
Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What term means abnormal growth of cells?

A

Dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What term means a cancerous growth that remains in place?

A

Carcinoma In Situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What term means spreading through the circulatory system?

A

Metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What includes many kinds of chemicals and certain kinds of high-frequency radiation such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation that damage the DNA?

A

Carcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors can influence the development of cancer or help to prevent it?

A

Age
Genetics
Immune system response
Body weight and diet
Exercise and physical activity
Environment
Viruses
Bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What tumors are the largest group and are solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces?

A

Carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What tumors are found in the breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate, and stomach?

A

Carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What tumors of epithelial origin are usually named just using the suffix -oma added to the type of tissue involved?

A

Benign Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What term means a benign tumor of a gland?

A

Adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What tumors of epithelial origin are named with the term carcinoma added to the type of tissue involved?

A

Malignant Tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What term means a malignant tumor of a gland?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What tumors arise from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartilage?

A

Sarcomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What term means a benign tumor of bone?

A

Osteoma

25
Q

What term means a malignant tumor of bone?

A

Osteosarcoma

26
Q

What do cancers of the blood and lymph include?

A

Leukemias
Hodgkin’s Disease
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

27
Q

What cancers arise from the body’s blood-forming tissues within the bone marrow?

A

Leukemias

28
Q

What cancers are further subdivided into chronic and acute forms?

A

Leukemias

29
Q

What cancer of the lymphatic system is characterized by an unusual giant cell known as the Reed-Sternberg cell?

A

Lymphoma

30
Q

What disease greatly weakens the body’s immune system and is evidenced by painless enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen?

A

Hodgkin’s Disease

31
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cancer?

A

Unexplained weight loss of 10 pounds or more
Fatigue that doesn’t get better with rest
Pain that can be found in bone or testicular area
Changes in skin
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
Blood in the stool or urine
Sores that don’t heal

32
Q

What should any suspicion of a neoplasm or cancer include?

A

A thorough medical history & physical examination

33
Q

What specific tests are used for early detection of cancer?

A

Blood chemistry analysis
Ultrasonography
Radiography
Endoscopy
Nuclear Medicine Scans
Isotope Scanning
Computed Tomography Scanning
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

34
Q

What is the single most helpful tool for cancer diagnosis?

A

A biopsy

35
Q

What are substances that can be found in abnormal amounts of blood, urine, or tissues of some individuals with cancer?

A

Tumor Markers

36
Q

What is used to help diagnose cancer, predict an individual’s response to certain therapies, check the response to treatment, or determine if cancer has returned?

A

Tumor Markers

37
Q

What helps in the diagnosis and in treatment planning, provides a possible prognosis, and allows for comparison of treatment results between different treatments?

A

Grading

38
Q

What grade of cancer are tumor cells well differentiated and closely resembling normal parent tissue?

A

Grade 1

39
Q

What grade of cancer are tumor cells intermediate in appearance and moderately or poorly differentiated?

A

Grade 2

40
Q

What grade of cancer are tumor cells very abnormal and poorly differentiated?

A

Grade 3

41
Q

What grade of cancer are tumor cells so anaplastic that recognition of the tumor’s tissue origin is difficult?

A

Grade 4

42
Q

What type of cancer have the cancer cells not yet spread from the site of the original tumor?

A

Localized

43
Q

What type of treatment is more likely with localized tumors and least likely in the distant stage?

A

Successful Treatment

44
Q

What are the major types of treatment against cancer?

A

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Immunotherapy/Biotherapy
Hormonal Therapy
Stem Cell & Bone Marrow Transplants

45
Q

What type of cancer treatment is now more precise because of improved diagnostic equipment and operating procedures and advances in preoperative and postoperative care?

A

Surgery

46
Q

What type of surgery is done to sustain the individual with cancer or to alleviate the pain that directly or indirectly results from the cancer?

A

Palliative Surgery

47
Q

What type of surgery may be done to prevent the development of cancer?

A

Preventive Surgery

48
Q

What type of surgery uses a powerful light source to cut through tissue or to vaporize cancers of the cervix, larynx, liver, rectum, or skin?

A

Laser Surgery

49
Q

What type of cancer treatment is especially effective against cancers that spread such as leukemias, some solid cancers, and Hodgkin’s disease?

A

Chemotherapy

50
Q

What type of cancer treatment has side effects that include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anemia, leukopenia, and loss of hair?

A

Chemotherapy

51
Q

What type of cancer treatment may be used to cure, to control the disease, or to prevent malignant leukemias from infiltrating the brain or spinal cord?

A

Radiation Therapy

52
Q

What type of cancer treatment has a goal to destroy as much of the tumor as possible without affecting surrounding healthy tissue?

A

Radiation Therapy

53
Q

What type of cancer treatment stimulates or restores and strengthens the body’s own immune system, allowing it to recognize, attack, and hopefully kill cancer cells?

A

Immunotherapy/Biotherapy

54
Q

What type of cancer treatment is most effective in the early stages of cancer?

A

Immunotherapy/Biotherapy

55
Q

What type of cancer treatment adds, blocks, or removes hormones?

A

Hormonal Therapy

56
Q

What type of cancer treatment is aimed at blocking the effects of or lowering the estrogen levels in the treatment of breast cancer?

A

Hormonal Therapy

57
Q

What type of cancer treatment can reduce many side effects or enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation?

A

Complementary Therapy

58
Q

What type of cancer treatment has a goal to strengthen the body’s immune system?

A

Integrative Therapy

59
Q

What are the steps to prevent cancer?

A

Do not use tobacco
Practice sun safety
Eat a healthy diet
Exercise regularly & maintain a healthy weight
Get vaccinated
Avoid risky practices
Practice self-examination and screening

ALH 1140 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions