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Cancer Biology > Cancer Biology > Flashcards

Cancer Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neoplasm

A

Growth of tumor is uncoordinated with surrounding cells

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2
Q

Bengin Neoplasm

A

localized and Encapsulation - fibrous CT around tumor

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3
Q

Malignant neoplasm

A

invades surrounding tissue.

Metastases

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4
Q

4 groups of cancer

A

Epithelial
Mesenchymal
Hematopoietic
Neuroectodermal

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5
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Separates epithelium from stroma

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6
Q

Stroma

A

Supportive tissue of CT and BLD vessels

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7
Q

Squamous cell Carcinomas

A

cells lining Cavities

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8
Q

Adenocarcinomas

A

cells that secrete substance into cavities

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9
Q

Sarcomas

A

form from mesenchymal cells

muscle, bone, CT

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10
Q

Hematopoietic

A

circulatory and immune system

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11
Q

Neuroectodermal

A

components of the nervous system

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12
Q

Anaplastic

A

unable to identfiy cell of origin

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13
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase number of cellls

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14
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size of cells

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15
Q

Metaplasia

A

replacement of one type of cell by anouther

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16
Q

Dysplasia

A

alteration of adult cells characterized by variation in size, shape, structure or orientation

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17
Q

Morphology

A

shape and structure of the cell

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18
Q

In situ

A

cancer in layer of cells where developed

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19
Q

Warburg effect

A

Cancer cells use gylcolysis only

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20
Q

Mutagens

A

Cause mutations

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21
Q

Carcinogens

A

Cause Cancer

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22
Q

Euchromatin

A

Normal, undergoes condensation and decondensation during cell cycle

23
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Remains condened throughout cell cycle

24
Q

Histone proteins

A

Small positively charged proteins. 5 types: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4

25
Q

Euploid

A

Normal number of chromosomes

26
Q

Aneuploid

A

abnormal number of chromosomes

27
Q

Chromosome Instability (CIN)

A

Changes in chromosome number and structure

28
Q

Alternative splicing

A

produces different mRNA

29
Q

Epigenetics

A

Alteration to DNA that do not include changes in the Base sequence affect the way in which the DNA sequences are expressed

30
Q

Nomenclature

A

nonhuman genes are LC and itlaisizyed
Nonhuman proteins Capitalize frist letter no italics

Human genes are cap and ital
Human proteins are cap no Ital

31
Q

Gene Amplification

A

Expansion in copy number of gene within the genome of a cell

32
Q

Gene Mutation

A

Somatic mutations in normal growth controlling genes convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes

33
Q

Chromosomal Rearrangements

A

usually Translocation/inversion

34
Q

Capsid

A

protein coat on virus

35
Q

Vitulent

A

Kills host

36
Q

Temperate

A

host survives

37
Q

Transformation

A

conversion of normal cell into tumor cell

38
Q

In vitro

A

outside living organism

39
Q

Foci/focus

A

cluster of cells

40
Q

Contact inhibition

A

cells stop proliferating once they form a monolayer

41
Q

Anchorage independence

A

Ability to grow without attchment to solid substrate

42
Q

Immortalization

A

Ability to proliferate indefinitely

43
Q

Properties of Transformed cells

A 
altered morphology
Loss of Contact inhibition
anchorage independence
immortalization
reduce req for growth factors
high saturation dnesity
inability to halt proliferation
44
Q

oncogene

A

gene capable of transforming a normal cell into tumor

45
Q

proto-oncogene

A

normal, essential genes, precursor to an active oncogene

46
Q

gatekeepers

A

allow/disallow cell progression through cell cycle

47
Q

caretakers

A

maintain genome integrity by controlling rate mutation accumulation

48
Q

sporadic

A

no family history

49
Q

familial

A

parent with retinoblastoma

50
Q

Knudson’s 2 hit Hypothesis

A

first hit usually point mutation. Second hit is deletion = cancer

51
Q

Loss of heterozygosity

A 
eleminate WT copy of Tumor Supressors(TS) by
Mitotic Recomb
Gene conversion
Hemizygostity
Nondisjunction
used to find TS
52
Q

RFLP analysis

A

restriction fragment length polymorphism

53
Q

Promoter methylation

A

inactivation of TS genes
add a cytosine base
heritable

Cancer Biology (2 decks)

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