Cancer Flashcards
Tumour marker- Breast ca
Ca 15-3
Tumour marker- SCLC
Bombesin
Tumour marker- Melanoma and schwannoma
S-100
Tumour marker- Hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoma
Alpha=feta protein
Tumour marker- Prostate
PSA
Tumour marker- Choriocarcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell
beta HcG
Tumour marker- Colorectal (esp with liver mets) and gastric
CEA- carcinoembryonic antigen
Tumour marker- Pancreatic
Ca 19-9
Tumour marker- Ovarian
Ca 125
Cancer related to raised Ca 125
Ovarian
Cancer related to raised Ca 19-9
Pancreatic
Cancer related to raised CEA
Colorectal (esp with liver mets) and gastric
Cancer related to raised b HcG
Choriocarcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell
Cancer related to raised PSA
Prostate
Cancer related to raised alpha feet protein
Hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoma
Cancer related to raised S-100
Melanoma (s for skin) and schwannoma
Cancer related to raised bombesin
SCLC and gastric
Cancer related to raised Ca 15-3
Breast
Name 5 oncological emergencies
Superior vena cava obstruction Hypercalcaemia Tumour lysis syndrome Spinal cord compression Neutropenic sepsis
Define neutropenic sepsis
Patients having anti-cancer treatment with;
- Neutrophil count below 0.5
- Temperature above 38 degrees
- Signs of sepsis
ABX treatment of neutropenic sepsis
Piperacillin and tazocin
Common tumours types that can result in spinal cord compression
- Breast
- Prostate
- Kidney
- Bronchus
- Multiple myeloma
Treatment for spinal cord compression
Dexamethasone
- 16mg IV stat
- 8mg BD orally
Use of radio/chemo or surgery
Treatment of hypercalcaemia as onc emergency
Bisphosphanates
- Pamidronate 60-90mg IV over 2hrs or…
- Zolendronic acid 4mg IV
Metabolic consequences of tumour lysis syndrome
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hyperuricemia
Common tumours that can result in tumour lysis syndrome
Typically non-solid tumours;
- ALL
- Myeloma
- Germ cell tumours
- SCLC
Treatment of hyperbaricemia in tumour lysis syndrome
- Allopurinal
- Rasburicase
Side effects of cyclophosphamide
Haemorrhagic cystitis, myleosuppresion and TCC
Side effect of bleomycin
Lung fibrosis (blow- lungs)
Side effect of dodorubicin
Cardiomyopathy
Side effects of methotrexate (chemo dose)
Myleosuppression, lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis and mucositis
Side effects of 5 FU (fluorouracil)
Mucositis, dermatitis and myleosuppression
Side effects of vincristine
Peripheral neuropathy and paralytic ileus
Side effect of cisplatin
Peripheral neuropathy and ototoxicity
Example of chemo drugs that are alkylating agents
Cyclophosphamide
Example of chemo drugs that are cytotoxic antibodies
Bleomycin and doxorubicin
What type of chemo drugs are methotrexate and 5-FU
Antimetabolite
Mechanism of chemo drug of vincristine
Inhibits microtubule formation
Name a chemo drug that works by causing cross linking in DNA
Cisplatin
How to convert oral codeine or tramadol to oral morphine
Divide dose by 10
How to convert oral morphine to subcut morphine
Divide overall daily dose by 2 so can work out overall rate of s/c morphine over 24hrs
How to convert oral morphine to subcut diamorphine
Divide overall daily dose of oral morphine by 3 so can work out overall rate of s/c diamorphine over 24hrs
Common tumours that cause bone mets
Prostate, then breast, then lung
Common sites of bone mets
In descending order; spine, pelvis, ribs, skull, long bones
5-HT3 receptor antagonists example and how it works
Ondansetron
Work on 5-HT3 receptor at chemo-receptor trigger zone
Dopamine 2 receptor antagonists examples and how it works
Prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, domperidone
Work on D2 receptor on chemo-receptor trigger zone
Muscarinic receptor antagonists examples and how it works
Ayucine
Inhibits muscarinic receptors directly on vomiting centre
Good classes of anti-emetics for chemo/radio and examples
Side effects
5-HT3 receptor antagonists- Ondansetron- Headache
Dopamine 2 receptor antagonists- prochlorperazine, metoclopramide and droperidol. -Extrapramidal side effects
