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4th Year > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Tumour marker- Breast ca

A

Ca 15-3

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2
Q

Tumour marker- SCLC

A

Bombesin

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3
Q

Tumour marker- Melanoma and schwannoma

A

S-100

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4
Q

Tumour marker- Hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoma

A

Alpha=feta protein

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5
Q

Tumour marker- Prostate

A

PSA

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6
Q

Tumour marker- Choriocarcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell

A

beta HcG

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7
Q

Tumour marker- Colorectal (esp with liver mets) and gastric

A

CEA- carcinoembryonic antigen

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8
Q

Tumour marker- Pancreatic

A

Ca 19-9

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9
Q

Tumour marker- Ovarian

A

Ca 125

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10
Q

Cancer related to raised Ca 125

A

Ovarian

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11
Q

Cancer related to raised Ca 19-9

A

Pancreatic

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12
Q

Cancer related to raised CEA

A

Colorectal (esp with liver mets) and gastric

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13
Q

Cancer related to raised b HcG

A

Choriocarcinoma and non-seminomatous germ cell

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14
Q

Cancer related to raised PSA

A

Prostate

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15
Q

Cancer related to raised alpha feet protein

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma and teratoma

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16
Q

Cancer related to raised S-100

A

Melanoma (s for skin) and schwannoma

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17
Q

Cancer related to raised bombesin

A

SCLC and gastric

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18
Q

Cancer related to raised Ca 15-3

A

Breast

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19
Q

Name 5 oncological emergencies

A 
Superior vena cava obstruction
Hypercalcaemia
Tumour lysis syndrome
Spinal cord compression
Neutropenic sepsis
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20
Q

Define neutropenic sepsis

A

Patients having anti-cancer treatment with;

  • Neutrophil count below 0.5
  • Temperature above 38 degrees
  • Signs of sepsis
21
Q

ABX treatment of neutropenic sepsis

A

Piperacillin and tazocin

22
Q

Common tumours types that can result in spinal cord compression

A
  • Breast
  • Prostate
  • Kidney
  • Bronchus
  • Multiple myeloma
23
Q

Treatment for spinal cord compression

A

Dexamethasone
- 16mg IV stat
- 8mg BD orally
Use of radio/chemo or surgery

24
Q

Treatment of hypercalcaemia as onc emergency

A

Bisphosphanates

  • Pamidronate 60-90mg IV over 2hrs or…
  • Zolendronic acid 4mg IV
25
Q

Metabolic consequences of tumour lysis syndrome

A
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Hyperuricemia
26
Q

Common tumours that can result in tumour lysis syndrome

A

Typically non-solid tumours;

  • ALL
  • Myeloma
  • Germ cell tumours
  • SCLC
27
Q

Treatment of hyperbaricemia in tumour lysis syndrome

A
  • Allopurinal

- Rasburicase

28
Q

Side effects of cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis, myleosuppresion and TCC

29
Q

Side effect of bleomycin

A

Lung fibrosis (blow- lungs)

30
Q

Side effect of dodorubicin

A

Cardiomyopathy

31
Q

Side effects of methotrexate (chemo dose)

A

Myleosuppression, lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis and mucositis

32
Q

Side effects of 5 FU (fluorouracil)

A

Mucositis, dermatitis and myleosuppression

33
Q

Side effects of vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy and paralytic ileus

34
Q

Side effect of cisplatin

A

Peripheral neuropathy and ototoxicity

35
Q

Example of chemo drugs that are alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphamide

36
Q

Example of chemo drugs that are cytotoxic antibodies

A

Bleomycin and doxorubicin

37
Q

What type of chemo drugs are methotrexate and 5-FU

A

Antimetabolite

38
Q

Mechanism of chemo drug of vincristine

A

Inhibits microtubule formation

39
Q

Name a chemo drug that works by causing cross linking in DNA

A

Cisplatin

40
Q

How to convert oral codeine or tramadol to oral morphine

A

Divide dose by 10

41
Q

How to convert oral morphine to subcut morphine

A

Divide overall daily dose by 2 so can work out overall rate of s/c morphine over 24hrs

42
Q

How to convert oral morphine to subcut diamorphine

A

Divide overall daily dose of oral morphine by 3 so can work out overall rate of s/c diamorphine over 24hrs

43
Q

Common tumours that cause bone mets

A

Prostate, then breast, then lung

44
Q

Common sites of bone mets

A

In descending order; spine, pelvis, ribs, skull, long bones

45
Q

5-HT3 receptor antagonists example and how it works

A

Ondansetron

Work on 5-HT3 receptor at chemo-receptor trigger zone

46
Q

Dopamine 2 receptor antagonists examples and how it works

A

Prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, domperidone

Work on D2 receptor on chemo-receptor trigger zone

47
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonists examples and how it works

A

Ayucine

Inhibits muscarinic receptors directly on vomiting centre

48
Q

Good classes of anti-emetics for chemo/radio and examples

Side effects

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonists- Ondansetron- Headache

Dopamine 2 receptor antagonists- prochlorperazine, metoclopramide and droperidol. -Extrapramidal side effects

4th Year (1 decks)

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