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J Haem > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

polyclonal definition

A

normal haemopoiesis

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2
Q

monoclonal definition

A

malignant haemopoiesis

Monoclonal = Malignant

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3
Q

what is lymphoma a cancer of

A

lymph notes/lymphatic tissues eg gut/tonsils

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4
Q

what are the 2 categories of lymphoma

A

hodgkins lymphoma

non hodgkins lymphoma

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5
Q

what CD does rituximab work on

A

CD20+ (non hodgkins lymphoma)

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6
Q

CD30+

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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7
Q

reed Sternberg cells

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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8
Q

which group of females get hodgkins lymphoma

A

young females

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9
Q

treatment of Hodgkins lymphoma

A

chemo (not rituximab bc not CD20+ which rituximab works on)

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10
Q

CD30+

reed Sternberg cells

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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11
Q

types of non hodgkins lymphoma (4)

A

burkitts lymphoma
low grade B cell non hodgkins lymphoma
high grade B cell non hodkinslymphoma
T cell non hodgkins lymphoma

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12
Q

which translocation causes burkitts lymphoma

A

translocation 8;14

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13
Q

African kid with history of EBV

tumour in face jaw

A

burkitts lymphoma

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14
Q

which one of high/low grade non hodgkins lymphoma is curable

A

high grade non hodgkins lymphoma

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15
Q

which one of high/low grade non hodgkins lymphoma is slowly progressive

A

low grade non hodgkins lymphoma

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16
Q

which one of high/low grade non hodgkins lymphoma has fast progression and is aggressive

A

high grade non hodgkins lymphoma

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17
Q

which one of high/low grade non hodgkins lymphoma is not curable, just treatable

A

low grade non hodgkins lymphoma

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18
Q

prognosis of low grade non hodgkins lymphomoa

A

likely remission then relapse

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19
Q

treatment of all non hodgkins lymphoma

A

chemo - rituximab (works on CD20+)

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20
Q

CD20+

A

non hodgkins lymphoma

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21
Q

presentation of lymphoma

A

night sweats
weight loss
lympahdenopathy

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22
Q

alcohol induced pain

A

hodgkins lymphoma

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23
Q

night sweats
weight loss
lymphadenopathy

A

lymphoma

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24
Q

investigations for lymphoma (2)

A

FBC

lymph node excision biopsy - tale out whole thing

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25
Q

what test can you do after biopsy of lymph node

what are you looking for

A

immunohistochemistry - for CD30+/CD20+/reed Sternberg cells

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26
Q

complications of lymphoma

A

can spread to bone marrow

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27
Q

where is leukaemia the cancer of

A

blood/bone marrow

28
Q

blast cells on film

acute or chronic leukaemia

A

acute leukemia

29
Q

where is the malignancy in acute leukaemia

A

in the blast cells (immature blood cells) in the bone marrow

30
Q

which type of leukaemia (acute or chronic) is aggressive

A

acute
rapid progression of symptoms

Acute = Aggressive

31
Q

what does abnormal blast cells in acute leukaemia cause

A

failure of maturation of mature cells = stuck as blasts

32
Q

which group of people get AML

A

> 60yo

33
Q

what is the problem in AML

what does this cause

A

problem in the myeloid progenitor cells = no mature cells in the myeloid lineage are made (RBCs/platelets/granulocytes/macrophages)

34
Q

which cells are not produced in AML

which cells are produced in AML

A

RBCs/platelets/granulocytes/macrophages - not produced

blast cells produced

35
Q

histology of AML

A

auer rod cells - bilobed large mononuclear cells

36
Q

presentation of AML

A

anaemia, bleeding, infections

37
Q

AML subtype with DIC/intracranial hemorrhage

A

acute promyelocytic leukaemia

38
Q

auer rod cells

A

AML

39
Q

management of AML and ALL

A

chemo

40
Q

what type of infections are people with neutropaenia susceptible to

A

Gm-ve infections

41
Q

prognosis of AML

A

remission and relapse likely

think about granda, got better then got worse

42
Q

most common childhood cancer

A

ALL

43
Q

what is the problem in ALL

what does this cause

A

problem in the lymphoid progenitor cells = no mature cells in the lymphoid lineage are made (mature T cells/B cells/ NK cells/macrophages)

44
Q

presentation of ALL

A

anaemia, bleeding, infections
bone pain
leukaemic effects - CNS and testes involvement (diff form AML)

45
Q

who gets ALL

A

children

46
Q

main difference between AML and ALL

A

AML - >60yo

ALL - children

47
Q

prognosis of ALL

% survival

A

good in children (90% survival rates)

48
Q

what do blast cells look like

what type of cancer do they occur in

A

large nucleus

occur in acute leukaemias

49
Q

how do you tell the difference between AML and ALL (investigation)

A

immunophenotyping of bone marrow - see which lineage the cells came from, lymphoid or myeloid

50
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML

51
Q

BCR-ABL gene

A

CML

52
Q

T9:22 gene translocation

A

CML

53
Q

which type of leukaemia is a myeloproliferative disorder

A

CML

54
Q

in chronic leukaemia what happens

A

problem in progenitor cells (myeloid or lymphoid) but cell maturation is still normal
so mature cells are still produced, just are abnormal

55
Q

asymptomatic/accidental diagnosis leukaemia

A

CML (bc slow)

56
Q

lymphoblasts leukaemia

A

ALL

57
Q

myeloblasts leukaemia

A

AML

58
Q

in CML what does the BCR-ABL gene cause (a target for therapy)

A

tyrosine kinase = abnormal cell division

59
Q

abnormal granulocytes leukaemia

A

CML

bc granulocyts are myeloid lineage
chronic bc they are produced, just abnormal (acute would be blasts)

60
Q

which MSK condition is common in CML

why

A

gout - bc of increased cell turnover

61
Q

CML treatment

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitors eg imatinib
chemo
bone marrow transplant if young

62
Q

imatinib drug class

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

63
Q

which type of leukaemia affects blood and lymph nodes (rest only blood) hence risk of lymphoma

A

CLL

64
Q

laeukamia associated with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

CLL

65
Q

small mature B cells (small bc abnormal) leukaemia

A

CLL

bc B cells are lymphoid lineage
chronic bc they are produced, just abnormal (acute would be blasts)

66
Q

CLL management

A

chemo

idealisib

J Haem (12 decks)

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