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EoM Test 3 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

A deregulated multiplication of cells resulting in abnormal increase in the cell number in particular organs

A

Caner

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2
Q

Tumor

A

Physical manifestation of the abnormal proliferation of cells

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3
Q

Start of tumors, minimally different from normal cells

A

Hyperplastic lesion

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4
Q

The presence of a different cell type w/in a layer of another tissue type

A

Metaplasia

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5
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasm. Type of benign tumor.

A

Adenoma

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6
Q

Benign mesenchymal neoplasm. Type of benign tumor.

A

Lipoma

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7
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

A

Carcinoma

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8
Q

Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

A

Sarcoma

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9
Q

Malignant epithelial neoplasm

A

Carcinoma

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10
Q

Malignant neoplasm of lymphoid cells

A

Lymphoma / leukemia

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11
Q

General term referring to the proliferation of cells w/in an organ or tissue, can result in the gross enlargement of an organ or in a benign tumor

A

Hyperplasia

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12
Q

An adaptive substitution of one type of adult tissue to another type of adult tissue. Under stress a more vulnerable type of tissue will be replaced by another more capable of withstanding stress

A

Metaplasia

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13
Q

An abnormality in cell size, appearance, with or without a disorganized growth pattern

A

Dysplasia

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14
Q

A disease of cells characterized by alteration of normal growth regulatory mechanisms

A

Neoplasia

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15
Q

The formation and proliferation of connective tissue in response to neoplastic growth

A

Desmoplasia

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16
Q

Epithelial cell cancer types. Cells that serve protection give rise to ___

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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17
Q

Cells that secrete substances into ducts or cavities give rise to ______

A

Adenocarcinomas

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18
Q

Radiation, chemicals, viruses, and bacteria are examples of ___

A

Carcinogens

19
Q

Liver cancer and cervical carcinoma are two examples of cancers that can be caused by ____

A

Viruses

20
Q

A large family DNA viruses not associated w/ cancer but important as models. These are lytic in cells of their natural hosts but can induce transformation in nonpermissive cells.

A

Adenoviruses

21
Q

Prevention aimed at reducing cancer incidence by avoiding exposure of individuals to known carcinogens. Smoking cessation, sunscreen use, etc.

A

Primary prevention (type 1)

22
Q

Prevention that is aimed at the early diagnosis of preneoplastic, preinvasive lesions, or early stage cancer in general. Pap smears

A

Secondary prevention (type 2)

23
Q

Type of prevention aimed at reducing the incidence of recurrence or metastasis. Chemotherapy

A

Tertiary Prevention (Type 3)

24
Q 
Ulceration/ sores that don't heal
Pain
Unexplained weight loss
Perforation
Effusion
Fever of unknown origin
Fatigue
Unusual bleeding
A

Signs of cancer

25
Q

Genetic alterations leading to abnormal proliferation

A

Tumor initiation

26
Q

Stable genetic alterations growing and maturing.

A

Tumor progression

27
Q 
Self - sufficiency in growth signals
Insensitivity to antigrowth signals
Evasion of apoptosis
Tissue invasion and metastasis
Sustained angiogenesis
Limitless replicative potential
A

6 properties of cancer

28
Q

Autocrine growth stimulation is present

Cancer cells do not display contact inhibition

A

Uncontrolled proliferation

29
Q

Which property of cancer is a change in the fact that normal cells (except for stem cell) have a finite number of cell division they are capable of

A

Immortalization / limitless replicative potential

30
Q

Which of the six properties of cancer cells is explained by ;
Differentiation is prevented
Cancer cells do not exhibit density - dependent inhibition

A

Insensitivity to antigrowth signals

31
Q

Normal cells respond to programmed cell death signals when necessary, cancer cells do not. Which property of cancer is this?

A

Evasion of apoptosis

32
Q

Tumor cells making new capillaries to support their growth

A

Angiogenesis

33
Q

Cancer cells eventually acquire the ability to invade neighboring tissues and distant sites

A

Tissue invasion and metastasis

34
Q

What is the maximum size a tumor can get w/o angiogenesis

A

2mm

35
Q

Genes that are “turned on” in cancer that have a stimulatory effect on cells

A

Oncogenes

36
Q

Genes that are turned off in cancer whose products normally negativelly regulate cell proliferation, promote apoptosis or maintain in vivo homeostatic growth and differentiation potential. Function is lost during tumor initiation or progression

A

Tumor suppressor genes

37
Q

Genes whose dysfunction may create genomic instability. E.g. Dna repair genes or recombination genes

A

Genomic guardian genes

38
Q

Over expression of ___ is necessary for the immortalization of cancer cells

A

Telomerase

39
Q

Important regulatory genes that fnction in many cases in the signal transduction pathways controlling the proliferation of normal cells. Can be mutated.

A

Proto-oncogenes

40
Q

Genes whose products negattively regulate cell growth or behavior. Hallmark is that it is lost during tumor initiation or progression.

A

Tumor suppressor genes

41
Q

Increases expression of dna repair enzymes or signals apoptotic pathway

A

P53

42
Q

___ induces the expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21, which results in cell cycle arrest.

A

P53

43
Q

Benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium

A

Adenoma

EoM Test 3 (1 decks)

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