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CSI Spring Final > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Leukopenia

A
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2
Q

Leukopenia

A
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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

> 10,000

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4
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

chemotherapy, severe infections

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5
Q

Treatment of Neutropenia

A

GM-CSF, G-CSF

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6
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

immunodeficiency (DiGeorge, HIV), high cortisol, SLE, radiation

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7
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis

A

bacterial infection, tissue necrosis, high cortisol (release of marginated neutrophils)

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8
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis causes a _________ shift d/t

A

LEFT shift d/t release of immature cells by bone marrow (decreased Fc receptors (CD16))

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9
Q

Monocytosis causes

A

chronic inflammation & malignancy

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10
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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11
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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12
Q

Leukocytosis

A

> 10,000

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13
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

chemotherapy, severe infections

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14
Q

Treatment of Neutropenia

A

GM-CSF, G-CSF

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15
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

immunodeficiency (DiGeorge, HIV), high cortisol, SLE, radiation

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16
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis

A

bacterial infection, tissue necrosis, high cortisol (release of marginated neutrophils)

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17
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis causes a _________ shift d/t

A

LEFT shift d/t release of immature cells by bone marrow (decreased Fc receptors (CD16))

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18
Q

Monocytosis causes

A

chronic inflammation & malignancy

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19
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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20
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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21
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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22
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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23
Q

Lymphocytic leukocytosis causes

A

viral infection (T-cell hyperplasia), Bordetella pertussis (lymphocytosis-promoting factor)

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24
Q

Eosinophilia occurs d/t high production of

A

IL-5

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25
Q

Lymphocytic leukocytosis causes

A

viral infection (t-cell hyperplasia) & Bordetella pertussis (lymphocytosis-promoting factor)

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26
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis agents

A

EBV, CMV

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27
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis causes leukocytosis of

A

lymphocytic reactive CD8+ T cells

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28
Q

EBV infects

A

oropharynx, liver, B-cells

29
Q

CD8+ T-cells respond to EBV infection leading to

A

generalized LAD (T-cell hyperplasia in lymph node paracortex)
Splenomegaly (T-cell hyperplasia in the periarterial lymphatic sheath)
High # of atypical lymphocytes

30
Q

Monospot test detects

A

Heterophile IgM Abs associated w/ EBV infection

31
Q

Acute Leukemia defined as

A

> 20% blasts in bone marrow

32
Q

Acute Leukemia Sx

A

decreased hematopoiesis –> anemia (fatigue), thrombocytopenia (bleeding), neutropenia (infection)

33
Q

Path finding in Acute Leukemia

A

blasts are large, immature cells, w/ punched out nucleoli

34
Q

Marker for Lymphoblasts

A

tDt (DNA pol) in nucleus

35
Q

Marker for Myeloblasts

A

myeloperoxidase (MPO) –> crystal aggregates called “Auer Rods”

36
Q

Cellular findings indicate:
tDt (+)
Surface markers: CD10, CD19, CD20

A

B-ALL

37
Q

Ph+ ALL

A

t9:22 Philadelphia+ ALL is seen adults & has a poor prognosis

38
Q

Cellular findings indicate:
tDt (+)
Surface markers: CD2 - CD8

A

T-ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma)

39
Q

Leukemia infiltrating the gums

A

Acute monocytic leukemia

40
Q

Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome

A

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

41
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome is often d/t

A

exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy –> dysplastic myeloid progenitor cells which never exit the bone marrow

42
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome lab findings

A

cytopenia, hyper cellular bone marrow, abnormal maturation, increased blasts

43
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome pts often die from

A

infections or bleeding

44
Q

Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome

A

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

45
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome pts often die from

A

infections or bleeding

46
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

t(15:17) -> retinoid acid receptor translocation -> disruption of promyelocyte maturation

47
Q

Acute monocytic leukemia

A

monoblasts proliferation (lack MPO) & infiltrate the gums

48
Q

Tx for Acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) binds the altered receptor allowing maturation to neutrophils

49
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia are at increased risk of

A

DIC

50
Q

Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome >5yo

A

ALL

51
Q

neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells +CD5 & +CD20

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

52
Q

Smudge cells

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

53
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Sx

A

LAD, infections, anemia, enlarged spleen

54
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia that involves lymph nodes

A

Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

55
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia w/ transformation resulting in enlarged lymph nodes or spleen

A

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (Richter Transformation)

56
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - explain the risk of infection & anemia

A

low/no production of Ig (hypogammaglobulinemia) & the Ig that is formed is autoimmune reactive to RBCs –> hemolytic anemia

57
Q

+Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia (mature B-cell)

58
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia Sx

A

Splenomegaly (accumulation in red pulp), “dry tap” (marrow fibrosis), LAB is ABSENT

59
Q

Tx for Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

2-CDA (Cladribine): adenosine deaminase inhibitor -> toxic levels of adenosine in neoplastic B cells -> death of B cells

60
Q

Associated w/ HTLV-1 common in Japan & Caribbean

A

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (mature CD4+ T-cell)

61
Q

Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Sx

A

skin rash, LAD, HSM, lytic (punched out) bone lesions w/ hypercalcemia

62
Q

Mycosis Fungoides Sx

A

skin rash, plaques, nodules

63
Q

Pautrier microabscesses

A

Mycosis Fungoides: aggregates of CD4+ Tcells in the epidermis

64
Q

Sezary Syndrome

A

Mycosis Fungoides: CD4+ Tcells spread to the blood (cerebriform nuclei)

65
Q

Follicular Hyperplasia of lymph nodes occurs in

A

RA & early HIV

66
Q

Why is there follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes in early HIV?

A

Follicular dendritic cells are CD4+

67
Q

Paracortex hyperplasia use seen w/

A

Viral infection (EBV)

68
Q

Sinus Histiocyte hyperplasia in lymph nodes occurs in

A

nodes draining a tissue w/ cancer

CSI Spring Final (1 decks)

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