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CSI Spring Final > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Leukopenia

A
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2
Q

Leukopenia

A
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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

> 10,000

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4
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

chemotherapy, severe infections

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5
Q

Treatment of Neutropenia

A

GM-CSF, G-CSF

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6
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

immunodeficiency (DiGeorge, HIV), high cortisol, SLE, radiation

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7
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis

A

bacterial infection, tissue necrosis, high cortisol (release of marginated neutrophils)

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8
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis causes a _________ shift d/t

A

LEFT shift d/t release of immature cells by bone marrow (decreased Fc receptors (CD16))

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9
Q

Monocytosis causes

A

chronic inflammation & malignancy

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10
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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11
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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12
Q

Leukocytosis

A

> 10,000

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13
Q

Neutropenia causes

A

chemotherapy, severe infections

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14
Q

Treatment of Neutropenia

A

GM-CSF, G-CSF

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15
Q

Lymphopenia causes

A

immunodeficiency (DiGeorge, HIV), high cortisol, SLE, radiation

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16
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis

A

bacterial infection, tissue necrosis, high cortisol (release of marginated neutrophils)

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17
Q

Neutrophil Leukocytosis causes a _________ shift d/t

A

LEFT shift d/t release of immature cells by bone marrow (decreased Fc receptors (CD16))

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18
Q

Monocytosis causes

A

chronic inflammation & malignancy

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19
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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20
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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21
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

Allergic reaction, parasitic infection, & Hodgkin lymphoma

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22
Q

Basophilia causes

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

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23
Q

Lymphocytic leukocytosis causes

A

viral infection (T-cell hyperplasia), Bordetella pertussis (lymphocytosis-promoting factor)

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24
Q

Eosinophilia occurs d/t high production of

A

IL-5

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25
Lymphocytic leukocytosis causes
viral infection (t-cell hyperplasia) & Bordetella pertussis (lymphocytosis-promoting factor)
26
Infectious Mononucleosis agents
EBV, CMV
27
Infectious Mononucleosis causes leukocytosis of
lymphocytic reactive CD8+ T cells
28
EBV infects
oropharynx, liver, B-cells
29
CD8+ T-cells respond to EBV infection leading to
generalized LAD (T-cell hyperplasia in lymph node paracortex) Splenomegaly (T-cell hyperplasia in the periarterial lymphatic sheath) High # of atypical lymphocytes
30
Monospot test detects
Heterophile IgM Abs associated w/ EBV infection
31
Acute Leukemia defined as
>20% blasts in bone marrow
32
Acute Leukemia Sx
decreased hematopoiesis --> anemia (fatigue), thrombocytopenia (bleeding), neutropenia (infection)
33
Path finding in Acute Leukemia
blasts are large, immature cells, w/ punched out nucleoli
34
Marker for Lymphoblasts
tDt (DNA pol) in nucleus
35
Marker for Myeloblasts
myeloperoxidase (MPO) --> crystal aggregates called "Auer Rods"
36
Cellular findings indicate: tDt (+) Surface markers: CD10, CD19, CD20
B-ALL
37
Ph+ ALL
t9:22 Philadelphia+ ALL is seen adults & has a poor prognosis
38
Cellular findings indicate: tDt (+) Surface markers: CD2 - CD8
T-ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma)
39
Leukemia infiltrating the gums
Acute monocytic leukemia
40
Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
41
Myelodysplastic syndrome is often d/t
exposure to chemotherapy or radiation therapy --> dysplastic myeloid progenitor cells which never exit the bone marrow
42
Myelodysplastic syndrome lab findings
cytopenia, hyper cellular bone marrow, abnormal maturation, increased blasts
43
Myelodysplastic syndrome pts often die from
infections or bleeding
44
Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
45
Myelodysplastic syndrome pts often die from
infections or bleeding
46
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
t(15:17) -> retinoid acid receptor translocation -> disruption of promyelocyte maturation
47
Acute monocytic leukemia
monoblasts proliferation (lack MPO) & infiltrate the gums
48
Tx for Acute promyelocytic leukemia
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) binds the altered receptor allowing maturation to neutrophils
49
Acute promyelocytic leukemia are at increased risk of
DIC
50
Leukemia associated w/ Down Syndrome >5yo
ALL
51
neoplastic proliferation of naive B cells +CD5 & +CD20
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
52
Smudge cells
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
53
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Sx
LAD, infections, anemia, enlarged spleen
54
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia that involves lymph nodes
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma
55
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia w/ transformation resulting in enlarged lymph nodes or spleen
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (Richter Transformation)
56
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - explain the risk of infection & anemia
low/no production of Ig (hypogammaglobulinemia) & the Ig that is formed is autoimmune reactive to RBCs --> hemolytic anemia
57
+Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)
Hairy Cell Leukemia (mature B-cell)
58
Hairy Cell Leukemia Sx
Splenomegaly (accumulation in red pulp), "dry tap" (marrow fibrosis), LAB is ABSENT
59
Tx for Hairy Cell Leukemia
2-CDA (Cladribine): adenosine deaminase inhibitor -> toxic levels of adenosine in neoplastic B cells -> death of B cells
60
Associated w/ HTLV-1 common in Japan & Caribbean
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (mature CD4+ T-cell)
61
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Sx
skin rash, LAD, HSM, lytic (punched out) bone lesions w/ hypercalcemia
62
Mycosis Fungoides Sx
skin rash, plaques, nodules
63
Pautrier microabscesses
Mycosis Fungoides: aggregates of CD4+ Tcells in the epidermis
64
Sezary Syndrome
Mycosis Fungoides: CD4+ Tcells spread to the blood (cerebriform nuclei)
65
Follicular Hyperplasia of lymph nodes occurs in
RA & early HIV
66
Why is there follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes in early HIV?
Follicular dendritic cells are CD4+
67
Paracortex hyperplasia use seen w/
Viral infection (EBV)
68
Sinus Histiocyte hyperplasia in lymph nodes occurs in
nodes draining a tissue w/ cancer

CSI Spring Final (1 decks)

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