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Biochemistry 2 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

RB

A

tumor suppressor gene that when mutated can lead to retinoblastoma

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2
Q

pRB

A

located in the nucleus, binds to E2F to prevent transcription, E2F is release after phosphorylation of pRB

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3
Q

E2F

A

in the presence of activated cyclin dependent kinases RB is phosphorylated and E2F is released - E2F stimulates the production of proteins required for S-phase

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4
Q

p53

A

tumor suppressor, phosphorylated, nuclear protein involved in G1/S arrest or apoptosis

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5
Q

p21

A

activated by p53, inhibits cyclin-CDK2 complex, stopping cell cycle

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6
Q

APC

A

tumor suppressor gene involved in colon cancer

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7
Q

NF1

A

tumor suppressor gene involved in neurofibromatosis type 1

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8
Q

BRCA 1 and 2

A

tumor suppressor genes involved in breast and ovarian cancers

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9
Q

oncogenes

A

mutated copies of cellular genes that are linked to various cancers, usually dominant

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10
Q

PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)

A

a tyrosine kinase capable of autophosphorylation, penetrates the plasma membrance

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11
Q

sis (simian sarcoma) oncogene

A

encodes part of the PDGF molecule and induces tyrosine kinase receptor signal transduction pathways

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12
Q

EGF (epidermal growth factor)

A

stimulates epidermal and other cells to divide, if mutated the intracellular stimulatory signal is produced contantly

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13
Q

RAS

A

G protein, when bound to GTP it can activate protein kinase cascades, when mutated GTP is always bound and constitutively active

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14
Q

neurofibromin

A

encoded by NF-1 gene and has a GAP domain, involved in regulating RAS

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15
Q

GAP domain

A

GTP activating protein domain

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16
Q

Fos and Jun

A

transcription factors when bound together are known as AP1, involved in cancer

17
Q

AP1

A

transcription factor complex, binds to promoter and enhancer, in cancer this is elevated resulting in continuous growth and increased expression

18
Q

burkitt’s lymphoma

A

a B-cell tumor by infection of the Epstein-Barr virus, involves the translocation of chromosomes and over expression of myc in immunoglobulins

19
Q

Myc

A

transcription factor, binds to enhancer and recruits histone acetylases, forces cell through cell cycle

Biochemistry 2 (3 decks)

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