Cancer Flashcards
RB
tumor suppressor gene that when mutated can lead to retinoblastoma
pRB
located in the nucleus, binds to E2F to prevent transcription, E2F is release after phosphorylation of pRB
E2F
in the presence of activated cyclin dependent kinases RB is phosphorylated and E2F is released - E2F stimulates the production of proteins required for S-phase
p53
tumor suppressor, phosphorylated, nuclear protein involved in G1/S arrest or apoptosis
p21
activated by p53, inhibits cyclin-CDK2 complex, stopping cell cycle
APC
tumor suppressor gene involved in colon cancer
NF1
tumor suppressor gene involved in neurofibromatosis type 1
BRCA 1 and 2
tumor suppressor genes involved in breast and ovarian cancers
oncogenes
mutated copies of cellular genes that are linked to various cancers, usually dominant
PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)
a tyrosine kinase capable of autophosphorylation, penetrates the plasma membrance
sis (simian sarcoma) oncogene
encodes part of the PDGF molecule and induces tyrosine kinase receptor signal transduction pathways
EGF (epidermal growth factor)
stimulates epidermal and other cells to divide, if mutated the intracellular stimulatory signal is produced contantly
RAS
G protein, when bound to GTP it can activate protein kinase cascades, when mutated GTP is always bound and constitutively active
neurofibromin
encoded by NF-1 gene and has a GAP domain, involved in regulating RAS
GAP domain
GTP activating protein domain
Fos and Jun
transcription factors when bound together are known as AP1, involved in cancer
AP1
transcription factor complex, binds to promoter and enhancer, in cancer this is elevated resulting in continuous growth and increased expression
burkitt’s lymphoma
a B-cell tumor by infection of the Epstein-Barr virus, involves the translocation of chromosomes and over expression of myc in immunoglobulins
Myc
transcription factor, binds to enhancer and recruits histone acetylases, forces cell through cell cycle
