Cancer Flashcards
What is the most common cancer in females?
Breast Cancer
What % of cancer cases are preventable?
38
What is the most common cancer among males?
Prostate
What are the main characters of cancer?
Cancer displayed uncontrolled growth
* the balance between cell division and differentiation is disrupted
* the balance between cell survival and apoptosis is disrupted
* Invasion and metastasis are common features
What is meant by invasion?
The process by which cancer cells penetrate and spread into surrounding tissues. This occurs when malignant cells break through the basement membrane and invade adjacent normal tissues
Define metastasis.
The spread of cancer cells from the original (primary) tumor to distant organs or tissues through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, forming secondary tumors (metastases)
What is a core feature of cancer?
Uncontrolled growth
What are 2 main features of cancer
Invasion
Metastasis
Define tumour
an abnormal mass of cells, benign and malignant growth
What’s the diff between primary and secondary tumour?
Primary- tumour at initial site
Secondary- tumour spreads to other tissues or organs
Is cancer a benign or malignant tumour?
Malignant
Define carcinogenesis?
the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant cell and repeatedly divides to become a cancer.
Define neoplasia
Process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, leading to formation of a neoplasm or tumor.
Neoplasm can be benign or tumour
Define anaplasia
Anaplasia refers to the loss of cellular differentiation and organization, often seen in malignant tumors
Define dysplasia
Dysplasia refers to abnormal cell growth and differentiation within a tissue, often considered a precancerous change-
Diff between dysplasia and anaplasia
Dysplasia = Early warning sign of cancer (cells look abnormal but still have some organization).
Anaplasia = Full-blown cancer (cells are completely disorganized and aggressive).
