Cancer Flashcards
Cell-cycle specific
Drug effects specific phase of cell cycle
Drug will not be effective if cell is in G0 (resting) phase
Cell-cycle nonspecific
Drug effective regardless of cell phase
Alkylating Agents
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
MOA: Bind DNA strands to prevent DNA function and replication
Cell cycle non-specific
Alkylating Agents adverse effects
Blood disorders (-penias), N/V, CNS toxicity, Hemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide)
Platinum Coordination Complexes
-platins,
Alkylating agents form cross links between and within DNA strands with platinum as opposed to alkyl side chains
Platinum Coordination Complexes ADEs
-penias, N/V/D, Anaphylactoid reactions, peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxicity (cisplatin), and respiratory toxicity (oxaliplatin)
Antimetabolites MOA
Interfere with normal metabolites (purines and pyrimidines nucleotides) during DNA/RNA synthesis
Antimetabolites ADEs
Blood disorders (-penias), N/A, muscle pain, fatigue, rash, nephrotoxicity (methotrexate)
Anticancer Antibiotics MOA
“-mycins” and “-rubicins”
Block synthesis of RNA, DNA, or both leading to disruption in cell synthesis
Anticancer Antibiotics ADEs
Acute toxicity:
-N/V
-Fever
-Red urine with daunorubicin and doxorubicin (dyed)
Delayed Toxicity:
-Pulmonary fibrosis (Bleomycin)
-Skin and mucocutaneous
Cardiotoxicity
-rubicins
-Penias!!
Antimicrotuble Agents MOA
“-taxel” and “-istine”
Cell-cycle specific (CCS) medications
Antimicrotuble Agents ADEs
penias, N/V/D, Cardiopulmonary toxicity, peripheral neuropathies (very taxing on the periphery)
Topisomerase Inhibitors ADEs
Severe diarrhea (I ran to the can), penias, N/V
Monoclonal Antibodies
-mabs, mostly IV therapies
Monoclonal Antibodies ADE
Infusion reactions + MAb specific reactions
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors MOA
-nibs
Targeted therapy
Disrupt cell signal transduction of cancer-specific proteins
Less damage to normal cells than traditional chemotherapy
Anemia precautions
Review Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and platelets before treating
Expect reduced aerobic capacity, tachycardia
Neutropenia Precautions
Review WBCs, Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)
Look for medications ending in –stim (filgrastim)
Implications for individual vs group therapy
Potential isolation precautions
On-Cycle
When patient is receiving treatment
Expect clinical deterioration
Provide reduced intensity plan
May need to be treated individually due to immunocompromise
Off-Cycle
Patient is not actively receiving treatment
Rebuild what was lost on-cycle
Increase muscle force and aerobic capacity
