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HLED 345 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

A

Cancer

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2
Q

Tends to grow and doesn’t lead to death unless structure-wise- keep growing can cause death
Will not invade other or surrounding tissues

A

Benign Tumor

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3
Q

Goes to other places in the body and start new growth of cancer
cause damage, eventually leading to death

A

Metastasis

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4
Q

Most common cancer in Males

A

Prostate cancer

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5
Q

Most common cancer in females

A

Breast cancer

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6
Q

Number one cancer death for both males and females

A

Lung cancer
2nd most common

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7
Q

Probability of developing cancer over a lifetime for Male

A

1 out of 2

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8
Q

Probability of developing cancer over a lifetime for Female

A

1 out of 3

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9
Q

What’re the two lowest survival rate of cancer

A

Pancreas and lung cancer

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10
Q

Cancer rate among children

A

Number one is Leukemia

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11
Q

Cancer rate among adolescents

A

Number one is brain cancer

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12
Q

Most common among both groups younger than 20

A

Leukemia and brain cancer

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13
Q

Who has the highest cancer health rate

A

Black males

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14
Q

Who tend to do best in terms on cancer death

A

White females

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15
Q

Carcinomas

A

Most common type of cancer- type of cancer rise of cells from lining on internal or external

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16
Q

Sarcomas

A

Cancer that rises from cells from supportive tissues (connective tissue, bone, muscle)

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17
Q

Lymphomas

A

Cancer rise from lymphocytes

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18
Q

Leukemias

A

Cancer rise from blood-forming cells (bone marrow)

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19
Q

Small cell lung cancer

A

15-20% of all lung cancer cases- are more aggressive and deadly
Almost always occur to people who smoke- when diagnosed already invade other organs- mixed cancer cells

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20
Q

Non- small lung cancer

A

Most common form of lung cancer that grows slower

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21
Q

Risk factor for non- small cell lung cancer

A

Smoking

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22
Q

Radon gas

A

Found in earth crust- when cutting out turns into radon gas- gets into cells and damages them
Has no smell or color

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23
Q

Asbestos

A

Mineral fiber- heat and fire resistant
Irritate lung tissue and form cancer

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24
Q

Car in brake panel can have what?

A

Asbestos

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25
Q

Who’s at risk for lung cancer?

A

Family history of lung cancer- environmental factors (second hand smoke)
Radiations therapy to the lungs
Exposure to carcinogens

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26
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer

A

Cough that doesn’t go away
Coughing up blood
SOB
Wheezing
Chest pain
Loss of appetite
Losing weight

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27
Q

Treatments for lung cancer

A

Usually a combination of surgery- small cell lung cancer- surgery not a choice
Chemotherapy or Radiation

28
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Affects whole body, uses toxic material to kill a cancer cell
Toxins cause damage to other cells- fast dividing and fast growing cell
Cannot only target cancer cells
Attack RBC- feel more tired

29
Q

How do they administer Chemotherapy

A

Through IV or pill and liquid form

30
Q

Radiation

A

Kills cancer cells left after surgery
Makes sure to take out residuals

31
Q

External radiation

A

Lay down and receive radiation

32
Q

Internal radiation

A

Tiny particles that plant seeds that have material that has radiation

33
Q

Is radiation painful?

A

Is painless when delivered but will become more painful over time due to irritating the skin
Pts cannot receive a second round of radiation

34
Q

Length and frequency of radiation

A

Won’t see hair loss, and may feel tired
Radiation therapy is better than chemo in terms of side effects

35
Q

Proto-oncogenes vs. suppressor genes

A

Tell the body when to grow and stop
When normal controls cells divide growth and repair

36
Q

When cells are mutated through proto-oncogenes vs. suppressor genes

A

Cells divide without checkpoint- will have cancer cells

37
Q

As we get older

A

The body may have more mutated cells and a longer time to accumulate them
Over time have an accumulation more mutated cells

38
Q

What is one risk factor for cancer development?

A

AGE

39
Q

Lifestyle leading to cancer and certain chemicals

A

Tobacco, sunlight, alcohol
Formaldehyde, deodorants

40
Q

How many women will develop breast cancer?

A

1 in 8

41
Q

Breast cancer

A

Rise from cells of ducts and lobules

42
Q

Lobular carcinoma in situ

A

Cancer cell rise of glands

43
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Cancer cells rise of glands of ducts

44
Q

Invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma

A

Spread to other parts
Localize inside you then spread elsewhere

45
Q

First factor for breast cancer

A

Age- women older than 55 (doesn’t mean young women won’t develop cancer)
Family History: Mutated genes: BRCA 1&2
Previous breast cancer
Reproductive history: Pregnancy, childbirth, menstrual cycle- start puberty late- lower exposure
Menopause later- risk higher

46
Q

What happens when young women develop breast cancer

A

Tends to be more aggressive

47
Q

Can males develop breast cancer?

A

Yes, but less likely b/c males don’t have ducts unlike females

48
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

Males developing breast cancer higher than the average male

49
Q

The majority of breast cancer is

A

Sporadic 70-75%

50
Q

Hereditary Cancer

A

Multiple affected individuals in multiple generations
- Early age onset
- Increase risk of breast cancer: 50-85% lifetime

51
Q

Triple negative breast cancer is

A

More aggressive, fewer treatment choices available

52
Q

Ashkenazi Jewish Heritage

A

When this heritage mutation is the same- b/c of interbreeds that have a mutation that carries onto future generations.
Chance of BRCA 1&2 chances are higher for breast cancer

53
Q

African American males are at higher risk for

A

Prostate cancer
Tends to be more aggressive

54
Q

Agent orange Exposure can cause

A

Prostate cancer
This type more aggressive

55
Q

Alcohol use, diet high in animal fat can cause

A

Prostate cancer

56
Q

When males get older they have a higher change in developing

A

Benign prostate hyperplasia
* Symptoms similar to prostate cancer

57
Q

Testicular cancer

A

Not super common
Common young male 18-35

58
Q

Testicular cancer is found mostly in men with

A

Undescended testicles
* Mom took DES during pregnancy

59
Q

Germ cell tumors

A

Produce sperm- testicular cancer usually from germ cell

60
Q

Stromal tumor

A

Produces supportive liquid for sperm

61
Q

Secondary testicular tumors

A

Originally from other places then spread to testicles

62
Q

Adjuvant analgestics

A

Dramatically release pain effects- used for tingling and burning pain

63
Q

Cancer related fatigue

A

Feel heavy, slow, tired- not able to perform daily responsibilities

64
Q

Barriers to cancer pain relief

A

Fear of addiction/ side effects
Lack of knowledge
Inadequate pain assessment 0-10
Legal barrier- cannabis use

65
Q

Adjuvant analgesics

A

Dramatically release pain effects- used for tingling and burning pain

66
Q

Breakthrough pain

A

Documented pain level to manage pain
Long-lasting pain medicine- major medicine- breakthrough pain- pain level increases suddenly- prescribe fast-acting medicine- people feel effects quickly but don’t last long

HLED 345 (2 decks)

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