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HLED 345 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells

A

Cancer

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2
Q

Tends to grow and doesn’t lead to death unless structure-wise- keep growing can cause death
Will not invade other or surrounding tissues

A

Benign Tumor

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3
Q

Goes to other places in the body and start new growth of cancer
cause damage, eventually leading to death

A

Metastasis

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4
Q

Most common cancer in Males

A

Prostate cancer

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5
Q

Most common cancer in females

A

Breast cancer

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6
Q

Number one cancer death for both males and females

A

Lung cancer
2nd most common

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7
Q

Probability of developing cancer over a lifetime for Male

A

1 out of 2

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8
Q

Probability of developing cancer over a lifetime for Female

A

1 out of 3

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9
Q

What’re the two lowest survival rate of cancer

A

Pancreas and lung cancer

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10
Q

Cancer rate among children

A

Number one is Leukemia

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11
Q

Cancer rate among adolescents

A

Number one is brain cancer

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12
Q

Most common among both groups younger than 20

A

Leukemia and brain cancer

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13
Q

Who has the highest cancer health rate

A

Black males

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14
Q

Who tend to do best in terms on cancer death

A

White females

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15
Q

Carcinomas

A

Most common type of cancer- type of cancer rise of cells from lining on internal or external

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16
Q

Sarcomas

A

Cancer that rises from cells from supportive tissues (connective tissue, bone, muscle)

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17
Q

Lymphomas

A

Cancer rise from lymphocytes

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18
Q

Leukemias

A

Cancer rise from blood-forming cells (bone marrow)

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19
Q

Small cell lung cancer

A

15-20% of all lung cancer cases- are more aggressive and deadly
Almost always occur to people who smoke- when diagnosed already invade other organs- mixed cancer cells

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20
Q

Non- small lung cancer

A

Most common form of lung cancer that grows slower

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21
Q

Risk factor for non- small cell lung cancer

A

Smoking

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22
Q

Radon gas

A

Found in earth crust- when cutting out turns into radon gas- gets into cells and damages them
Has no smell or color

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23
Q

Asbestos

A

Mineral fiber- heat and fire resistant
Irritate lung tissue and form cancer

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24
Q

Car in brake panel can have what?

A

Asbestos

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25
Who's at risk for lung cancer?
Family history of lung cancer- environmental factors (second hand smoke) Radiations therapy to the lungs Exposure to carcinogens
26
Symptoms of lung cancer
Cough that doesn't go away Coughing up blood SOB Wheezing Chest pain Loss of appetite Losing weight
27
Treatments for lung cancer
Usually a combination of surgery- small cell lung cancer- surgery not a choice Chemotherapy or Radiation
28
Chemotherapy
Affects whole body, uses toxic material to kill a cancer cell Toxins cause damage to other cells- fast dividing and fast growing cell Cannot only target cancer cells Attack RBC- feel more tired
29
How do they administer Chemotherapy
Through IV or pill and liquid form
30
Radiation
Kills cancer cells left after surgery Makes sure to take out residuals
31
External radiation
Lay down and receive radiation
32
Internal radiation
Tiny particles that plant seeds that have material that has radiation
33
Is radiation painful?
Is painless when delivered but will become more painful over time due to irritating the skin Pts cannot receive a second round of radiation
34
Length and frequency of radiation
Won't see hair loss, and may feel tired Radiation therapy is better than chemo in terms of side effects
35
Proto-oncogenes vs. suppressor genes
Tell the body when to grow and stop When normal controls cells divide growth and repair
36
When cells are mutated through proto-oncogenes vs. suppressor genes
Cells divide without checkpoint- will have cancer cells
37
As we get older
The body may have more mutated cells and a longer time to accumulate them Over time have an accumulation more mutated cells
38
What is one risk factor for cancer development?
AGE
39
Lifestyle leading to cancer and certain chemicals
Tobacco, sunlight, alcohol Formaldehyde, deodorants
40
How many women will develop breast cancer?
1 in 8
41
Breast cancer
Rise from cells of ducts and lobules
42
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Cancer cell rise of glands
43
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Cancer cells rise of glands of ducts
44
Invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma
Spread to other parts Localize inside you then spread elsewhere
45
First factor for breast cancer
Age- women older than 55 (doesn't mean young women won't develop cancer) Family History: Mutated genes: BRCA 1&2 Previous breast cancer Reproductive history: Pregnancy, childbirth, menstrual cycle- start puberty late- lower exposure Menopause later- risk higher
46
What happens when young women develop breast cancer
Tends to be more aggressive
47
Can males develop breast cancer?
Yes, but less likely b/c males don't have ducts unlike females
48
Klinefelter syndrome
Males developing breast cancer higher than the average male
49
The majority of breast cancer is
Sporadic 70-75%
50
Hereditary Cancer
Multiple affected individuals in multiple generations - Early age onset - Increase risk of breast cancer: 50-85% lifetime
51
Triple negative breast cancer is
More aggressive, fewer treatment choices available
52
Ashkenazi Jewish Heritage
When this heritage mutation is the same- b/c of interbreeds that have a mutation that carries onto future generations. Chance of BRCA 1&2 chances are higher for breast cancer
53
African American males are at higher risk for
Prostate cancer Tends to be more aggressive
54
Agent orange Exposure can cause
Prostate cancer This type more aggressive
55
Alcohol use, diet high in animal fat can cause
Prostate cancer
56
When males get older they have a higher change in developing
Benign prostate hyperplasia * Symptoms similar to prostate cancer
57
Testicular cancer
Not super common Common young male 18-35
58
Testicular cancer is found mostly in men with
Undescended testicles * Mom took DES during pregnancy
59
Germ cell tumors
Produce sperm- testicular cancer usually from germ cell
60
Stromal tumor
Produces supportive liquid for sperm
61
Secondary testicular tumors
Originally from other places then spread to testicles
62
Adjuvant analgestics
Dramatically release pain effects- used for tingling and burning pain
63
Cancer related fatigue
Feel heavy, slow, tired- not able to perform daily responsibilities
64
Barriers to cancer pain relief
Fear of addiction/ side effects Lack of knowledge Inadequate pain assessment 0-10 Legal barrier- cannabis use
65
Adjuvant analgesics
Dramatically release pain effects- used for tingling and burning pain
66
Breakthrough pain
Documented pain level to manage pain Long-lasting pain medicine- major medicine- breakthrough pain- pain level increases suddenly- prescribe fast-acting medicine- people feel effects quickly but don't last long

HLED 345 (2 decks)

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