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USA (minus CA), Canada, Mexico - SD > Canada > Flashcards

Canada Flashcards

1
Q

What was one of Canada’s most planted grapes by the 1970s? Who introduced this grape to Canada?

A

De Chaunac - French Hybrid

-Introduced by Adhemar de Chaunac after WWII

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2
Q

What other French hybrids did Adhemar de Chaunac introduce to Canada?

A

Baco Noir
Rosette
Maréchal Foch

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3
Q

When was the first Chardonnay introduced to Canada? Was this before USA or after?

A
  • 1951 by Adhemar de Chaunac

- before Dr Konstantin Frank by a few years

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4
Q

When was prohibition in Canada and what happened after that continued to hurt the quality of Canadian wine scene?

A
  • early 20th C - ended by 1929
  • Moratorium on new winery licenses led to larger producers (Brights) swallowing smaller ones
  • by 1974 only 6 wineries in country
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5
Q

What was the first estate winery in Canada? When was it founded and what was their accomplishment?

A
  • Inniskillin
  • in Niagara-on-the-Lake
  • almost singlehandedly created international rep for Canadian icewine (not 1st tho- Okanagan)
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6
Q

What hybrid grape is used often and the only hybrid allowed in Canadian Icewine?

A

Vidal

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7
Q

Parents of Vidal?

A

Ugni Blanc x Rayon d’Or

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8
Q

What grapes did Inniskillin use for their top icewines?

A

Riesling and Cab Franc

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9
Q

What is VQA? When was it launched?

A
  • Vintners Quality Alliance
  • appellation and quality control system
  • 1988
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10
Q

What are the two most important wine regions in Canada, in order

A

1 - Ontario

2 - British Columbia

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11
Q

What region launched VQA? When?

A

Ontario 1988

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12
Q

When did BC establish VQA?

A

1990

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13
Q

What are the only two wine regions in Canada to have VQA areas?

A

Ontario and BC

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14
Q

Between BC and Ontario, which had VQA standards legally enforced, and which has voluntary standards?

A

Ontario - legally enforced

BC - voluntary

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15
Q

Percentage required for labeled VQA BC or Ontario province

A

100% from that province

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16
Q

Percentage required for BC vs Ontario: appellation

A

BC
- 95% for appellation

Ontario

  • 85% for appellation or region
  • 100% for sub-appellation (in Niagara Peninsula)
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17
Q

Percentage for single vineyard in BC or Ontario?

A

100%

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18
Q

Percentage for vintage date BC or Ontario?

A

85%*

*except sparkling wine in Ontario

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19
Q

Percentage for Varietal wines BC/Ontario?

A

85%

Only certain varietals allowed

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20
Q

Can late harvest or icewine be chaptalized in NC/Ontario?

A

NO

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21
Q

What province is Canada’s largest producer? how many acres devoted to vinifera?

A

Ontario

15,000 acres devoted to vinifera

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22
Q

3 main appellations of Ontario?

A

-Lake Erie North Shore VQA
-Niagara Peninsula VQA
-Prince Edward County VQA
(SW to NE)

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23
Q

What is Canada’s southernmost point?

A

Pelee Island

24
Q

What is Pelee Island?

A
  • Canada’s Southernmost point and smallest wine area
  • Was a 4th large appellation of Ontario until 2013
  • Became sub-appellation of Lake Erie North Shore VQA in 2016
25
Q

What latitude are Ontarios appellations between?

A

41-44

26
Q
  • Climate of Ontario

- Moderating influences

A
  • cool continental

- moderated by lake effect of Great Lakes

27
Q

Largest viticultural area of Ontario

A

Niagara Peninsula VQA

28
Q

2 regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula

A

Niagara Escarpment

Niagara-on-the-Lake

29
Q

Sub appellations of Niagara-on-the-Lake

A
  • Niagara River (runs along the Eastern edge)
  • Niagara Lakeshore (North along Lake Ontario)
  • Four Mile Creek (Center, larger)
  • St. David’s Bench (South)
30
Q

Sub appellations of Niagara Escarpment (regional appellation)

A

-Beamsville Bench
-Twenty Mile Bench
-Short Hills Bench
(E-W)

31
Q

Dominant grapes of Niagara Peninsula?

A

Riesling
Chardonnay
Cab Franc
Pinot Noir

32
Q

Who pioneered Icewine in Ontario? Which appellation?

A
  • Inniskillin

- Niagara Peninsula (Niagara River in Niagara-on-the-Lake)

33
Q

When do wineries declare intent to make Icewine to VQA? When do they harvest and at what max temp?

A
  • Declare intent in November
  • harvest at night
  • temp at least -8 degrees C
34
Q

How much of Ontario’s exports does icewine account for? vs production?

A
  • 50% exports

- <5% production

35
Q

Most important grapes of Prince Edward County?

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

36
Q

What is the Niagara Escarpment

A

-north-facing cliff formation dividing the Niagara Peninsula

37
Q

Min Pressure and Sweetness levels for Sparkling wine from Ontario or BC

A

Traditional method - 3 bars (effervescent in Ont - 2-3)

Brut: max. 15 g/l 
Extra Dry: 15-25 g/l
Dry: 25-35 g/l
Semi-Dry: 35-50 g/l
Sweet: min. 50 g/l
38
Q

What is Vin de Curé

A

dried grape wine - Canada

39
Q

Min RS Ontario Icewine

A

Ontario Icewine has a minimum residual sugar level of 100 g/l. (125 g/l prior to 2014.)

40
Q

When/where was first icewine in Canada made? By who?

A
  • 1973 (before Inniskillin)
  • Okanagan Valley
  • Walter Hanlie
41
Q

Which coast of Canada is BC?

A

Pacific (West)

42
Q

5 VQA DVAs of BC?

A
  • Vancouver Island
  • Fraser Valley
  • Similakameen Valley
  • Gulf Islands
  • Okanagan Valley
43
Q

What is a DVA

A

Designated Viticultural Area in BC approved by VQA

44
Q

What is the most developed wine region in BC

A
  • Okanagan Valley

- 82% of province’s wine

45
Q

Subregions of Okanagan Valley

A

Golden Mile GI (est. 2014)

Okanagan Falls GI (est 2018)

46
Q

What parallel is Okanagan Valley on

A

49th

47
Q

What mountain ranges is Okanagan Valley between

A

Cascades

Monashee Mountains

48
Q

Climate and moderating bodies for Okanagan Valley

A

Continental - very warm summer, very cold winter

-moderated by Lake Okanagan

49
Q

Main grapes Okanagan Valley

A 
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Pinot Gris
Merlot
Pinot Blanc
50
Q

Where is the Tidal Bay appellation? What is the style of wine produced?

A
  • Nova Scotia (Canada’s East Coast)

- white wines

51
Q

BC, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec

Put west to east

A

BC, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia

52
Q

Does Canada make the most icewine in the world?

A

Yes

53
Q

Mission Hill is a famous winery in which DVA

A

Okanagan Valley

54
Q

What is the most widely planted RED grape in British Columbia?
Ontario?

A

BC - Merlot

Ontario - Cab Franc

55
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content allowed for Canadian icewine

A

7%

56
Q

Where would you most likely find Cidre de glace in Canada?

A

Quebec

USA (minus CA), Canada, Mexico - SD (6 decks)

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