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CAMs Flashcards

1
Q

list the 2 types of CAMs

A

calcium dependent or independent

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2
Q

list the 4 types of CAMs

A

Ca dep. = cadherins and selectins

Ca indep. = integrins and Ig superfamily

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3
Q

classical cadherins

A
  1. types = E, N, P
  2. homophilic
  3. bind to other cadherins via catenins
  4. actin filaments
  5. adheren junctions
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4
Q

nonclassical cadherins

A
  1. desmocollins and desmogleins
  2. homophilic
  3. intermediate filaments
  4. desmosomes
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5
Q

nonclassical cadherin cytoskeleton associations

A

the desmoplakin, plakoglobin and plakophilin

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6
Q

selectins

A
  1. P, E, L types
  2. heterophilic
  3. actin filaments
  4. bind to carbs
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7
Q

integrins

A
  1. heterophilic
  2. actin filaments
  3. immunological synapses and focal adhesions
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8
Q

hemidesmosomes bind to cytoskeleton components such as ?

A

laminin and fibronectin

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9
Q

classical cadherins are major components in _______ junctions

A

Ca mediated adheren junctions

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10
Q

classical cadherins form ____ and _____ _______ dimers.

A

cis and trans homophilic dimers

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11
Q

E-cadherins

A

epithelial tissues

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12
Q

N-cadherins

A

nervous tissues

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13
Q

P-cadherins

A

placenta tissue

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14
Q

nonclassical cadherins are found in ________ also called ______ .

A

desmosomes

macula adherens

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15
Q

differ between intra and extra cell domains of cadherins

A

interior domain is much more variable than exterior

intra are able to interact w/ different ligands and components to anchor cadherin to cytoskeleon

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16
Q

binding between cadherins is generally ______ .

A

homophilic

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17
Q

cadherin molecules of a specific subtype on one cell bind to other molecules of ________ on adjacent cells.

A

molecules of same kind on adjacent cells

thus the spacing between membranes is precisely defined since they are same molecules w/ same bond lengths

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18
Q

the homophilic binding occurs at the _______ tips of cadherin molecules

A

N-terminal

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19
Q

the protein chains of cadherins form …..

A

terminal knot and nearby pocket

adjacent cadherin binds by inserting it’s knob into the pocket of the other

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20
Q

role of Ca in cadherin-mediated adhesion

A

Ca binds to sites near hinges of each bead so that it is rigid and rod like

if Ca is removed whole thing will be flexible/floppy
causing cadherins to be degraded
bond w/ neighbor cells lost

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21
Q

cadherins bind to their partners w/ _____ affinity.

A

low

thus strong attachments are achieved by many parallel bonds working together

functioning like velcro

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22
Q

cadherin adhesion is _______ but can easily be ______ .

A

group strength is strong

but easily disassembled

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23
Q

cadherin dependent homophilic adhesions mediate highly _____ recognition, thus enabling cells to ?

A

selective
similar cells to stick together and segregate from other types of cells

thus cell “sorting out”

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24
Q

what are the most common type of cadherins?

A

E-cadherins

form dimers via HVA binding face

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25
HVA binding face
histidine-valine-alanine seq. found on E-cadherins, at tip of extra cell end of cadherin molecule
26
catenin purpose
major interface between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton of the cells being held together
27
catenin
--small proteins that link cytoplasmic end of a cadherin w/ cytoplasmic actin
28
B and y catenins
- -attach to cytoplasmic end of cadherin | - -b attaches to a catenin
29
a catenin
binds to cytoplasmic actin and b catenin thus connecting the cadherin to actin cytoskeleton
30
selectins bind _____, thus belong to the ______ .
carbs | lectin group
31
CRD
carb recognition domain of a selectin carb binding site on extracell end of selectin
32
selectin and Ca
Ca binding site located near CRD Ca is required for selectin binding to carb
33
selectins are involved in ?
mvt of leukocytes from blood to tissues
34
types of selectins
P -- platelets E -- endothelium L -- leukocytes
35
integrins are _____ that are mainly involved in cell - ______ interactions
glycoproteins cell to extracell matrix binding -- bind to cytoskeleton and extracell matrix
36
integrins consist of 2 subunits
1. a subunit | 2. b subunit
37
integrins bind to _____ and ______ in extracell matrix
laminin and fibronectin
38
integrins interact w/ _____ sequence
RGD -- arginine-glycine-aspartic acid seq. in laminin-fibronectin
39
laminin and fibronectin are associated w/
type IV collagen GAGs entactin
40
in ________, integrins link the _____ of cells to the ______ . via ?
hemidesmosomes basal domain to extracell matrix via tonofilaments such as keratin
41
immunoglobulin superfamily types
N-CAM I-CAM1 I-CAM2
42
N-CAM
neural adhesion molecules mediate both homo- and heterophilic interactions
43
I-CAM1 AND 2
facilitate transendothelial migration
44
categories of junctional complexes
1. adherens 2. occludens 3. gap junctions
45
types of junctions
1. zonula -- belt like-adheren and occluden | 2. macula -- spot adhesion
46
zonula are associated w/ _______ and macula are associated w/ _______ .
intracell actin intracell tonofilaments
47
adherens are anchoring junctions characterized by intercellular spaces _______ .
filled w/ cadherin proteins - desmogleins and desmocollins
48
cadherin proteins are anchored to ________ containing _____ ?
cytoplasmic plaques desmoplakin and plakoglobin
49
cadherin located related to whole cell
on lateral domains just below apical domains
50
desmosomes are similar to adheren junctions but link to ?
intermediate filaments
51
desmosomes provide ____ strength
mechanical strength | structural framework of great tensile strength
52
structure of desmosome
cytoplasmic plaque w/ intermediate filaments attached to it
53
hemidesmosomes
anchoring junctions than attach the basal domain of epithelial cells to the basal lamina
54
hemidesmosome structure
1. cytoplasmic plate -- intermediate filaments | 2. membrane plaque
55
hemidesmosome binding
a membrane plaque links to the basal lamina via anchoring filaments and integrins
56
claudens and occludins
transmembrane proteins associated w/ zonula occludens responsible for occlusive properties of the tight junctions
57
tight junctions seal …..
seal gaps between epithelial cells on basolateral side near apical domain
58
gap junctions allow …..
the passage of small water-soluble molecules from cell to cell located on basolateral side near basal domain
59
why do we need tight junctions?
to block the backflow of nutrient molecules in-between epithelial cells especially import in digestive system
60
_____ is the main transmembrane protein in tight junctions
claudin
61
________ is the second major transmembrane protein in tight junctions and it's purpose is _____ .
occludins unknown
62
JAM
junctional adhesion molecules
63
JAMs include ?
tight junctions adheren junctions desmosomes
64
list 3 main functions of tight junctions
1. barriers 2. fence function -- limit lateral diffusion 3. signaling function -- magnetic bar attracting various proteins
65
to fully polarize, epithelial cells must …..
separate the apical and basolateral surfaces via tight junctions
66
3 conserved polarity protein complexes that control polarization processes
1. par 2. crumbs 3. scribble
67
gap junctions
communicating junction that allows cells to directly communicate
68
gap junctions are composed of ______
connexons connexons are 6 connexins in a hollow hexagon structure
69
gap junctions in electrically coupled nerve cells allow …..
action potentials to spread rapidly from cell to cell w/o the delay that chemical synapses have
70
if a cell becomes damaged it will experience a large influx of Ca ions, what is the result to gap junctions
it's gap junctions will immediately close so that it's neighbor cells will not become damaged too
71
what is responsible for reducing gap junction communication between neurons
dopamine
72
purpose of BM
the basement membrane separates epithelial layers from the CT support underneath
73
list the 5 components of the BM
1. laminin 2. fibronectin 3. type IV collagen 4. GAGs 5. entactin
74
type IV collagen is produced by ?
epithelial cells | does not create long fibrils like collagen I and II
75
laminin binding sites
1. integrins 2. type IV collagen 3. entactin 4. heparan sulfate
76
forms of fibronectin
cellular and plasma form
77
fibronectin binding sites
1. integrins 2. collagen 3. fibrin 4. heparan sulfate = heparin

Biology Exam 2 (9 decks)

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