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Pharmacology > CAMs > Flashcards

CAMs Flashcards

1
Q

FAT soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

Stored in adipose tissue

Can be TOXIC or OD

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2
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

not stored

excreted in urine

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3
Q

Vit A

A

vision, bone growth, reproduction, immune function, cell division

deficiency = night blindness, DEC immune function

teratogenic in HIGH doses

lower levels in chronic ETOH or malabsorption syndromes

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4
Q

Vit D

A

sunlight

critical to bone health (growth and remodeling)

required to absorb Ca from digestive tract

deficiency = brittle bones, misshaping of bones

oral corticosteroids INC risk of deficiency

TOXICITY = hyperCa or hyperphosphatemia

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5
Q

Vit E

A

anti-oxidant

boosts immune system, vasodilates, prevents clotting

HIGH doses INC risk of bleeding

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6
Q

Vit K

A

component blood clotting

synthesized by intestinal bacteria

given to newborns within first 2wks of life

warfarin interferes w/ vit K

INR >10 w/ no bleeding = give oral Vit K

INR HIGH w/ bleeding = give IV Vit K

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7
Q

Thiamine B1

A

critical for many body functions

Deficiency in alcoholics

SEVERE deficiency = wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine 500mg Tid IV x2 days; 500mg IV or IM daily x5days, then 100mg PO daily until no longer at risk)

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8
Q

Riboflavin B2

A

essential component of 2 major enzymes

ultraviolet and visible light deactivate riboflavin

Deficiency (rare): vegetarian athletes, pregnant/lactating women, infants, vegans

USES: migraine HA, CA prevention/tx

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9
Q

Niacin B3

A

cell metabolism; making/repairing DNA

lower VLDL, LDL, TG
INC HDL

benefit those not on a statin

Deficiency: pellagra

AE: flushing, raises serum BG, indigestion

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10
Q

Pyridoxine B6

A

protein and RBC metabolism

glucose regulation

deficiency: microcytic anemia, dermatitis w/ mouth sores, cracked lips, depression/confusion, weakened immune function

Meds cause deficiency: Anti-TB, anti-epileptics, theophylline

USES: for N/V during pregnancy

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11
Q

Folic Acid B9

A

tissue growth and function; production RBCs and DNA

Deficiency: INC demand (pregnancy/lactation), meds, malabsorption, ETOH, dialysis, liver disease

recommended for women of child-bearing age

Deficiency: macrocytic-normochromic anemia, neural tube defects

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12
Q

Cyanocobalamin B12

A

RBC formation, neuro function, DNA formation/regulation

role in synthesis of fatty acids and energy production

Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, loss of appetite, neurological change

body store in liver

supplementation: nasal sprays, injectable, oral

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13
Q

Ascorbic acid Vit C

A

biosynthesis of collagen = tissue repair

involved in protein metabolism

deficiency: scurvy

AE: osmotic effect in bowels = GI distress, N/V/D

Common cold: help prevent

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14
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

tx mild depression

USES:
DEC depression sx
DEC menopausal sx
topical: INC wound healing

AE: photosensitivity, INC BP

Interactions: MANY
do NOT take w/ meds that affect serotonin

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15
Q

Kava

A

member of pepper family

USE: anxiety (small effect)

linked to SEVERE liver disease

FDA WARNING: Liver damage

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16
Q

Saw Palmetto

A

USE: BPH, chronic pelvic pain, DEC libido, migraines, hair loss

Few interactions
Few AEs

17
Q

Garlic

A

lipid lowering and antithrombotic properties

most effective 1 clove/day of fresh garlic

may cause: dizziness, irritation of mouth and esophagus, halitosis, body odor

may INC serum levels of ETOH

18
Q

Ginkgo Biloba

A

USE: dementia, eye problems, intermittent claudication

AE: HA, stomach upset, allergy

INC risk of bleeding

May interact w/ meds

Eating raw or roasted seeds POISONOUS

19
Q

Echinacea

A

boost immune system

USE: common cold, other infections

may DEC risk of catching cold

AE: GI, allergic reactions

few drug interactions

20
Q

Ginseng

A

USE: improve general well-being; physical stamina, concentration, stimulate immune system

AE: HA, sleep problems, digestive problems

Asian ginseng: affect BG and BP

might interact w/ warfarin

21
Q

Feverfew

A

USE: tx fever, migraine prophylaxis, menstruation, asthma, tinnitus

No AEs reported

AVOID PREGNANCY = affects uterine contractions

22
Q

Valerian

A

USE: sleeping aid

FDA: safer than synthetic drugs

Benefits: fall asleep faster, better sleep quality, no “hangover”

Recommend using 2-3 wks, then 2-3wks off before restarting to avoid withdrawal

23
Q

Ginger

A

USE: Nausea, motion sickness, pregnancy, CINV, RA and OA

AE: mild abd discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, flatus

AVOID w/ GB disease

may interact w/ anticoagulants

AVOID ASA, NSAIDs

24
Q

Turmeric

A

antioxidant

USE: chronic pain and inflammation

arthritis: inflammation relief

pain relief, DEC post-MI on bypass patients, DEC skin irritation post-breast CA radiation

liver protectant, DEC risk pancreatic, prostate CA, multiple myeloma

AE: stimulate secretion of gastric acid, blood thinning, stimulate uterine contractions

25
Q

Flaxseed

A

USE: constipation, diabetes, cholesterol, CA

seeds contain omega-3 fatty acids

AVOID PREGNANCY

preliminary studies: ovarian CA, CVD, DM, asthma, inflammation

26
Q

Cinnamon

A

USE: GI problems, loss of appetite, DM

NO improvement in DM, HTN

AVOID large amounts in liver disease

current studies: alzheimer’s, HIV protection, MS, wound infection

27
Q

Capsaicin

A

chili pepper

USE: creams/lotions for muscle/joint pain

AE: erythema, pain at application site

28
Q

Black Cohosh

A

member buttercup family

USE: menopausal sx, heart palpitations, tinnitus, vertigo, sleep disturbances, nervousness, irritability

CAUTION: LIVER DAMAGE

29
Q

Milk Thistle

A

USE: liver disorders (hepatitis, cirrhosis), gallbladder

CAUTION allergy to ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, daisy

DM-2 use CAUTION - may lower BG

30
Q

Glucasamine-Chondroitin

A

structural component cartilage

USE: OA, mainly hip and knee

NOT helpful for pain

may interact w/ warfarin

long-term use: kidney damage

may affect BG

31
Q

CoEnzyme Q-10

A

found in heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas

may DEC risk heart damage from chemo

may DEC risk heart surgery complications

possible effect in migraine prophylaxis

NOT helpful in Parkinson’s

Interact w/ warfarin and insulin

32
Q

Aloe Vera

A

USE: gel-burns, frostbite, psoriasis, cold sores; oral - bowel disease, fever; latex - constipation

AE (oral): abd cramps, diarrhea, may DEC drug absorption/effectiveness

may lower BG, careful in DM

33
Q

Melatonin

A

natural hormone in sleep; RISES in evening, FALLS in morning

USE: prevent jet lag, sleep disturbances r/t shift work, delayed sleep phase disorder, insomnia

may worsen mood in dementia

SE: drowsiness, HA, dizziness, nausea

may affect biological clock

34
Q

Probiotics

A
35
Q

HERBAL Use for APRN

A

Pregnancy:
>multiple herbs dangerous during pregnancy
>AVOID: causes contractions
>contraindicated in LACTATION

General:
>NOT risk free
>discuss w/ patients
>be aware of potential interactions
>NOT regulated by FDA

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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