CAMRA knowledge (incl. Equipment strengths) Flashcards
1
Q
6 mm cord
A
7 kN
2
Q
7 mm cord
A
13 kN
3
Q
8 mm cord
A
17 kN
4
Q
9 mm cord
A
21 kN
5
Q
11 mm cord
A
34 kN
6
Q
12 mm cord
A
40 kN
7
Q
1” tubular
A
20 kN
8
Q
9/16” tubular
A
10 kN
9
Q
Rescue Aluminum carabiner
A
28 kN
10
Q
Rescue Steel carabiner
A
40 kN
11
Q
Large Aluminum carabiner
A
25 kN
12
Q
Single mini pulley
A
17 kN
13
Q
Double mini pulley
A
22 kN
14
Q
Single PMP
A
36 kN
15
Q
Double PMP
A
44 kN
16
Q
Single Russ Anderson
A
29 kN
17
Q
Double Russ Anderson
A
41 kN
18
Q
Kootenay
A
40 kN
19
Q
Brake Rack
A
44 kN
20
Q
Scarab
A
40 kN
21
Q
Rigging plate
A
36 kN
22
Q
Steel litter
A
11 kN
23
Q
Titanium litter
A
11 kN
24
Q
Tri-link 10 mm
A
25 kN
25
Tri-link 7 mm
19 kN
26
Quick-link 10 mm
49 kN
27
Quick-link 7 mm
24 kN
28
Who wears a red helmet?
Rescue Specialist
29
Who wears a white helmet?
1) Operations Chief
2) Duty Operations Chief
30
Who wears a yellow helmet?
1) Rescue Tech II
2) Rescue Tech I
3) Search
31
What is the length of the RED prusik?
18 inches
32
What is the length of the GREEN prusik?
25 inches
33
How many pounds is 1 kilonewton?
224 pounds=1 kN
34
What is the Mission of CAMRA?
1) Saving lives by providing professional advanced technical rescue 2) and wilderness emergency medical services anytime, anywhere, and in any weather 3) as well as outstanding outdoor safety education.
35
What are the five anchors?
1) Wrap Three Pull Two
2) Interwoven Wrap Three Pull Two with 3:1 non-working backtie
3) High-Strength Tie-Off
4) Load Distributing Anchor
5) Load Sharing Anchor
36
When is a High-Strength Tie-Off used?
When maximum strength of the rope is needed.
37
What are the two types of belay?
1) Conditional belay
2) Two-rope belay
38
What are the two types of lowering systems?
1) Mainline and belay
2) Twin tension system
39
What is an integral MA system?
A raising system that utilizes the main line.
40
What is a ganged-on MA system?
A system that is added onto the mainline
41
What is one advantage of an integral system?
Does not need a dedicated haul slacker
42
What is one disadvantage of an integral system?
Harder to pass a knot
43
What is an advantage of a ganged-on system?
1) Easier to pass a knot
2) Can be prebuilt
44
What is a disadvantage of a ganged-on system?
Needs a dedicated haul slacker
45
What happens if you flip a 4:1 system (switch the connections to the anchor and the load)?
It becomes a 3:1 with a change of direction.
46
What is the efficiency loss of a pulley in an MA system?
10%
47
What are the 12 Essentials? Give examples.
1. Navigation (map and compass)
2. Sun Protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen)
3. Insulation (extra clothing)
4. Illumination (headlamp or flashlight)
5. First-aid supplies
6. Fire (matches/lighter and firestarter)
7. Repair kit and tools (including knife)
8. Nutrition (extra food)
9. Hydration (extra water)
10. Emergency Shelter (min. 2 large trash bags)
11. Signaling (whistle, cell phone)
12. Personal (glasses, prescriptions)
48
What is the standard length for RED webbing?
15 feet
49
What is the standard length for GREEN webbing?
20 feet
50
What is the standard length for YELLOW webbing?
30 feet
51
Strength: Sewn loop prusik
20 Kn
52
What year was CAMRA incorporated?
1969
53
Name the current Board of Directors by position and the training officer.
Board of Directors:
President: Ryan Gloeckler
Vice President: Dave Rossi
Secretary: Nina Makston
Treasurer: Merlin Repp
Commander and Operations Chief: Justin Bern
Board of Directors, Members at Large: Scott Lynch, Dante Bartoletti, Brian Fabig, Tyler Lovelady
Training officer: Tyler Lovelady
54
Name the 8 Mechanical Advantage systems used by CAMRA? Which are testable individual skills?
1. 3:1 Integral (Testable)
2. 3:1 CD Integral
3: 4:1 Pig Rig Ganged On (Testable)
4.. 4:1 Ganged on
5. 5:1 Integral (Testable)
6. 5:1 Ganged On (Testable)
7. 6:1 C on a Z compound (Testable)
8. 5:1 California complex (Testable)
55
What are the two types of bridle litter rigs?
Yosemite
Rhodes-Howe
56
What is an advantage of the Yosemite rig?
Simple to set up, less cordage
57
What is a disadvantage of the Yosemite rig?
Requires a barfline
Can't be adjusted once loaded
58
What is an advantage of the Rhodes-Howe rig?
Doesn't need a barfline
Can be adjusted once loaded
59
What is a disadvantage of the Rhodes-Howe rig?
Lots of cordage to manage
60
What is the MRA radio frequency?
155.16 mH
61
In a load distributing/sharing anchor, at what angle does the load on each anchor equal 100%?
120 degrees
62
In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 90 degrees?
71%
63
In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 45 degrees?
54%
64
What is the Search Direct (SRCHDI) radio frequency?
159.09 mH
65
What is the retransmit frequency for the repeater?
151.205 mH
66
What is the weight of a cubic foot of water?
62 lbs
67
What is the formula for determining cubic feet per second?
Avg. Width*Avg Depth* Flow rate (Ft/sec)
68
Water is ___, ___, and ___.
Powerful, Relentless, Predictable
69
In water at 60 degrees temp without insulatin, how much useful work time? How long at 40 degree?
30 minutes. 7.5 minutes
70
What is the Swiftwater Risk Continuum?
Talk, Reach, Wade, Throw, Row, Go, Helo
71
What are the 12 best practices for Swiftwater rescue?
1. Keep it simple
2. Be Proactive
3. Operate within your capabilities
4. Self, Team, Subject
5. Use appropriate PPE
6. Use correct technical equipment
7. Have a backup plan
8. Never tie a rope around a rescuer
9. Never tension a line at right angle to current
10. Avoid standing downstream of a rope, or putting foot in a loop
11. If swept away, don't try to stand up
12. Choose rescue method appropriate for the subject
72
What is the minimum flotation rating for a rescue PFD?
22 lbs
73
CAMRA is part of what MRA region?
Desert Region
74
What are the levels of MRA membership?
Regular Members: CAMRA, SARA, Coconino
Exofficio members: Grand Canyon National Park
Associate members: Tonto Rim Search and Rescue
Special: Honorary
75
What year was MRA founded?
1958
76
In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 120 degrees?
100%
77
In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 25 degrees?
51%
78
In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 60 degrees?
58%
79
One who assists the rate and stability of descent, could include dynamic belay or physical contact with litter?
Brake Mule
80
< 40° simple litter carries, patient assists, down climbs (un-belayed), low angle embankment, bearers face direction of travel?
Non-technical evacuations
81
>40° high and steep angle litter evacuations, pickoffs, highline, attendants face anchor?
Technical evacuations
82
One who goes ahead of litter to find best way out, must stay in voice contact, clear debris, mark path, and spot anchors if necessary.
Route finder
83
Defined as 40-60°, difficult travel, hands needed for balance, ropes required, rescuers tied into litter, 4 attendants max, rescuers face anchor?
Steep Angle
84
Rescuer not tied into litter, Non-technical situations, more the merrier, rotation is important, rescuers face direction of travel?
Litter bearer
85
Rescuer tied into litter/system, Technical situations, 4 rescuers max, 3 minimum, rescuers face anchor?
Litter attendant
86
Defined as 15-40°, belay generally used, rescuers generally not tied into litter?
Low angle
87
Defined as 0-15°, relatively easy travel only roped if exposure risk is present, rescuers generally not tied into litter?
Flat angle
88
Patient packaging: who is allowed to administer first aid?
Anyone who is EMT trained
89
How often are vitals checked for a non-critical patient?
Every 15 minutes
90
Inappropriate conversation, never complaining, talk to patient by name, be compassionate, are all considerations of what?
Etiquette
91
Patients feeling guilty, embarrassed, scared, claustrophobic, are all considerations of what?
Victim psychology
92
Environmental protection, pulse, motor sensory checks, secure torso first, are all elements of what?
Restraint
93
When utilizing a litter wheel, it should be?
A. Clipped into top rung
B. Positioned under head 3rd of litter
C. Used to avoid cactus, sharp rocks when possible
94
True or False: Litter rigging is very minimal in the low angle realm.
True
95
Mark route for visibility, ensure straight route as much as possible, Point our obstacles, remember to look up, are all objectives of what?
Route finder
96
4 to 6 bearers max. Remember wheel, sling carry method, 15 foot webbing girth to litter are all what?
Low angle methods of carry
97
What is a method for negotiating short sections, using as many bearers as you can find, hand over hand movement of litter?
Caterpillar pass
98
40°to 60°, considered Technical, attendants not bearers, system supports weight of rescue package, not the rescuer.
Steep angle
99
True or False: Steep angle evacuations pose the lowest rescue loads a system will ever encounter?
False
100
Steep angle litter rigging: both tails will be at least how long?
10 feet
101
Acts as shock absorbers in the event of a shock load?
Prusik bypass (aka fuse)
102
Use two system/personal prusiks, basket hitch one to left side and the other to the right side. Clip both into your harness on same caribiner. This describes what attendant?
Foot attendant
103
Basket hitch a long or short personal/system prusik to litter. Use long personal purcell/prusik hitch to the long tail. This describes what attendant?
Side attendant
104
Finish by clipping the fig 8 on the end of the long tail into your harness describes who?
Foot attendant
105
Map types: Planimetric
Flat, no terrain shape info
106
Map types: Topographic
Shows the shape of the land
107
Map Types: Large Scale USGS
Covers small area, useful for Land Nav
108
Map Types: Small Scale Forest Service
Covers large area
109
What is the scale of a USGS topo map?
1:24,000
1 grid square = I sq. km
110
What is Datum? What are the three main datums used? Why is datum important?
Datum indicates the data set used to make the map. NAD 27, NAD 83, WGS 84 (Most use WGS 84) Coordinates will be off if maps/GPS have different datum
111
When adjusting for declination from compass to map...
Subtract
112
When adjusting for declination from map to compass...
Add
113
Determining the location of an unknown point by successively sighting it from at least two (preferably three) known positions is known as _____
Intersection
114
Determining your location by sighting two known positions is called ______
Resection
115
Determining your location by sighting one known position and being on a known feature (e.g. a trail) is called _______
Modified resection
116
UTM coordinates are given in what order?
Easting (Left to right) Northing (Bottom to top)
117
When is Lat/Long used?
Aviation/helicopters
118
What does SERENE stand for?
Strong, equalized, redundant, efficient, non extending.
119
What are the contents of a Mini Cache?
Rope bag
300 ft. 11mm Rescue Line
50 ft. 11mm Anchor Line
Ice cube tray, edge protection
Pick off harness
Cache bag
10mm delta
10-Aluminum locking carabiners
Scarab
2-single sheave pulleys
2-double sheave pulleys
3-red (15 ft) webbing
3-green (20 ft) webbing
3-yellow (30 ft) webbing
3-green, 25 inch prusiks
3-red, 18 inch prusiks
33 ft, 8mm cordilette
Fire hose edge protection
Rigging plate
120
What is a SOAP note?
SOAP stands for SUBJECTIVE (what the subject tells you); OBJECTIVE (what you observe from an exam, includes AMPLE history); ASSESSMENT (what the situation is); and PLAN (what to do about it, includes plan to monitor)
121
What does AMPLE stand for?
Allergies, Medications, Past (pertinent history), Last in/out, Events (leading up to accident)
122
What are the four patient surveys?
1) Scene safety (are there any dangers present to the rescuer)
2) Primary (is the subject alive? Any immediate medical threats, ABCs)
3) Secondary (Check for other injuries, take vitals, AMPLE history & SOAP notes)
4) Rescue (Do you need help? How will you get help?)
123
What are the ABC...s
A--Approach, Assess, Airway
B--Breathing
C--Circulation
D--Deformity (head & neck)
E--Environment (can they stay where they are)
124
What is the first thing to do when approaching a subject who appears to be injured?
Check for responsiveness
125
If a subject is unconscious, what should be done immediately?
Check for open airway. Remove obstructions and use head tilt to establish airway.
126
If a patient with an open airway isn't breathing, what should be done?
Give 2 full breaths (rescue breathing) and check for pulse. If there is a pulse, continue giving breaths every 4-5 seconds
127
What should be done if a subject doesn't have a pulse?
Begin chest compressions with rescue breaths
128
What are four methods for controlling bleeding?
1) Direct pressure
2) Pressure dressing
3) Wound packing
4) Tourniquet
129
After a tourniquet is applied, what must be done?
Write the letter T on the subjects forehead, along with the time.
130
A search of high probability areas (trails, roads) and areas of known hazard, conducted by the first rescuers on the scene is called a ____
Hasty search
131
A search of segments by multiple rescuers walking back and forth in a prescribed fashion looking for the subject is called an _______
Area search
132
What does ROW stand for?
Rest of World (everything outside the search area)
133
What does POA stand for?
Probability of Areas (Areas where the subject is likely to be found)
134
What does POD stand for? And what can affect it?
Probability of Detection (What is the likelihood, as a percentage) that the rescuer would have spotted the subject in the search area). Can be affected by terrain and vegetation, light conditions
135
What does AVPU stand for?
Awake- Conscious but how alert?
Verbal-React to questions?
Painful- Do they respond to pain (e.g sternal rub(
Unresponsive-No reaction to anything.
136
What does A&O stand for?
Alert and Oriented
137
Subject only knows WHO they are. A&O score=
A&O X 1
138
Subject knows who and where they are. A&O score=
A&O X 2
139
Subject knows who and where they are, and what day and/or time it is. A&O score=
A&O X 3
140
AVPU is part of which category in SOAP?
Objective. Goes with Vital Signs
141
What does ERNEST stand for?
Equalization, Redundancy, No extension, Equal load, Strong,Timely
142
What are the equipment bag color codes?
Blue: Swiftwater
Green: Alpine
Yellow: Helo
Purple: Climbing/Dynamic
Red: Medical
Brown: Cave/Mine
Black: General
Orange: Tech rescue
