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Equipment Strengths & other CAMRA facts > CAMRA knowledge (incl. Equipment strengths) > Flashcards

CAMRA knowledge (incl. Equipment strengths) Flashcards

1
Q

6 mm cord

A

7 kN

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2
Q

7 mm cord

A

13 kN

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3
Q

8 mm cord

A

17 kN

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4
Q

9 mm cord

A

21 kN

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5
Q

11 mm cord

A

34 kN

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6
Q

12 mm cord

A

40 kN

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7
Q

1” tubular

A

20 kN

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8
Q

9/16” tubular

A

10 kN

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9
Q

Rescue Aluminum carabiner

A

28 kN

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10
Q

Rescue Steel carabiner

A

40 kN

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11
Q

Large Aluminum carabiner

A

25 kN

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12
Q

Single mini pulley

A

17 kN

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13
Q

Double mini pulley

A

22 kN

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14
Q

Single PMP

A

36 kN

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15
Q

Double PMP

A

44 kN

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16
Q

Single Russ Anderson

A

29 kN

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17
Q

Double Russ Anderson

A

41 kN

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18
Q

Kootenay

A

40 kN

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19
Q

Brake Rack

A

44 kN

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20
Q

Scarab

A

40 kN

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21
Q

Rigging plate

A

36 kN

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22
Q

Steel litter

A

11 kN

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23
Q

Titanium litter

A

11 kN

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24
Q

Tri-link 10 mm

A

25 kN

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25
Q

Tri-link 7 mm

A

19 kN

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26
Q

Quick-link 10 mm

A

49 kN

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27
Q

Quick-link 7 mm

A

24 kN

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28
Q

Who wears a red helmet?

A

Rescue Specialist

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29
Q

Who wears a white helmet?

A

1) Operations Chief
2) Duty Operations Chief

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30
Q

Who wears a yellow helmet?

A

1) Rescue Tech II
2) Rescue Tech I
3) Search

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31
Q

What is the length of the RED prusik?

A

18 inches

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32
Q

What is the length of the GREEN prusik?

A

25 inches

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33
Q

How many pounds is 1 kilonewton?

A

224 pounds=1 kN

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34
Q

What is the Mission of CAMRA?

A

1) Saving lives by providing professional advanced technical rescue 2) and wilderness emergency medical services anytime, anywhere, and in any weather 3) as well as outstanding outdoor safety education.

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35
Q

What are the five anchors?

A

1) Wrap Three Pull Two
2) Interwoven Wrap Three Pull Two with 3:1 non-working backtie
3) High-Strength Tie-Off
4) Load Distributing Anchor
5) Load Sharing Anchor

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36
Q

When is a High-Strength Tie-Off used?

A

When maximum strength of the rope is needed.

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37
Q

What are the two types of belay?

A

1) Conditional belay
2) Two-rope belay

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38
Q

What are the two types of lowering systems?

A

1) Mainline and belay
2) Twin tension system

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39
Q

What is an integral MA system?

A

A raising system that utilizes the main line.

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40
Q

What is a ganged-on MA system?

A

A system that is added onto the mainline

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41
Q

What is one advantage of an integral system?

A

Does not need a dedicated haul slacker

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42
Q

What is one disadvantage of an integral system?

A

Harder to pass a knot

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43
Q

What is an advantage of a ganged-on system?

A

1) Easier to pass a knot
2) Can be prebuilt

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44
Q

What is a disadvantage of a ganged-on system?

A

Needs a dedicated haul slacker

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45
Q

What happens if you flip a 4:1 system (switch the connections to the anchor and the load)?

A

It becomes a 3:1 with a change of direction.

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46
Q

What is the efficiency loss of a pulley in an MA system?

A

10%

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47
Q

What are the 12 Essentials? Give examples.

A
  1. Navigation (map and compass)
  2. Sun Protection (hat, sunglasses, sunscreen)
  3. Insulation (extra clothing)
  4. Illumination (headlamp or flashlight)
  5. First-aid supplies
  6. Fire (matches/lighter and firestarter)
  7. Repair kit and tools (including knife)
  8. Nutrition (extra food)
  9. Hydration (extra water)
  10. Emergency Shelter (min. 2 large trash bags)
  11. Signaling (whistle, cell phone)
  12. Personal (glasses, prescriptions)
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48
Q

What is the standard length for RED webbing?

A

15 feet

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49
Q

What is the standard length for GREEN webbing?

A

20 feet

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50
Q

What is the standard length for YELLOW webbing?

A

30 feet

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51
Q

Strength: Sewn loop prusik

A

20 Kn

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52
Q

What year was CAMRA incorporated?

A

1969

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53
Q

Name the current Board of Directors by position and the training officer.

A

Board of Directors:
President: Ryan Gloeckler
Vice President: Dave Rossi
Secretary: Nina Makston
Treasurer: Merlin Repp
Commander and Operations Chief: Justin Bern
Board of Directors, Members at Large: Scott Lynch, Dante Bartoletti, Brian Fabig, Tyler Lovelady

Training officer: Tyler Lovelady

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54
Q

Name the 8 Mechanical Advantage systems used by CAMRA? Which are testable individual skills?

A
  1. 3:1 Integral (Testable)
  2. 3:1 CD Integral
    3: 4:1 Pig Rig Ganged On (Testable)
    4.. 4:1 Ganged on
  3. 5:1 Integral (Testable)
  4. 5:1 Ganged On (Testable)
  5. 6:1 C on a Z compound (Testable)
  6. 5:1 California complex (Testable)
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55
Q

What are the two types of bridle litter rigs?

A

Yosemite
Rhodes-Howe

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56
Q

What is an advantage of the Yosemite rig?

A

Simple to set up, less cordage

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57
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Yosemite rig?

A

Requires a barfline
Can’t be adjusted once loaded

58
Q

What is an advantage of the Rhodes-Howe rig?

A

Doesn’t need a barfline
Can be adjusted once loaded

59
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Rhodes-Howe rig?

A

Lots of cordage to manage

60
Q

What is the MRA radio frequency?

A

155.16 mH

61
Q

In a load distributing/sharing anchor, at what angle does the load on each anchor equal 100%?

A

120 degrees

62
Q

In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 90 degrees?

A

71%

63
Q

In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 45 degrees?

A

54%

64
Q

What is the Search Direct (SRCHDI) radio frequency?

A

159.09 mH

65
Q

What is the retransmit frequency for the repeater?

A

151.205 mH

66
Q

What is the weight of a cubic foot of water?

A

62 lbs

67
Q

What is the formula for determining cubic feet per second?

A

Avg. WidthAvg Depth Flow rate (Ft/sec)

68
Q

Water is ___, ___, and ___.

A

Powerful, Relentless, Predictable

69
Q

In water at 60 degrees temp without insulatin, how much useful work time? How long at 40 degree?

A

30 minutes. 7.5 minutes

70
Q

What is the Swiftwater Risk Continuum?

A

Talk, Reach, Wade, Throw, Row, Go, Helo

71
Q

What are the 12 best practices for Swiftwater rescue?

A
  1. Keep it simple
  2. Be Proactive
  3. Operate within your capabilities
  4. Self, Team, Subject
  5. Use appropriate PPE
  6. Use correct technical equipment
  7. Have a backup plan
  8. Never tie a rope around a rescuer
  9. Never tension a line at right angle to current
  10. Avoid standing downstream of a rope, or putting foot in a loop
  11. If swept away, don’t try to stand up
  12. Choose rescue method appropriate for the subject
72
Q

What is the minimum flotation rating for a rescue PFD?

A

22 lbs

73
Q

CAMRA is part of what MRA region?

A

Desert Region

74
Q

What are the levels of MRA membership?

A

Regular Members: CAMRA, SARA, Coconino
Exofficio members: Grand Canyon National Park
Associate members: Tonto Rim Search and Rescue
Special: Honorary

75
Q

What year was MRA founded?

A

1958

76
Q

In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 120 degrees?

A

100%

77
Q

In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 25 degrees?

A

51%

78
Q

In a load distributing.sharing anchor, what is the load on each anchor at 60 degrees?

A

58%

79
Q

One who assists the rate and stability of descent, could include dynamic belay or physical contact with litter?

A

Brake Mule

80
Q

< 40° simple litter carries, patient assists, down climbs (un-belayed), low angle embankment, bearers face direction of travel?

A

Non-technical evacuations

81
Q

> 40° high and steep angle litter evacuations, pickoffs, highline, attendants face anchor?

A

Technical evacuations

82
Q

One who goes ahead of litter to find best way out, must stay in voice contact, clear debris, mark path, and spot anchors if necessary.

A

Route finder

83
Q

Defined as 40-60°, difficult travel, hands needed for balance, ropes required, rescuers tied into litter, 4 attendants max, rescuers face anchor?

A

Steep Angle

84
Q

Rescuer not tied into litter, Non-technical situations, more the merrier, rotation is important, rescuers face direction of travel?

A

Litter bearer

85
Q

Rescuer tied into litter/system, Technical situations, 4 rescuers max, 3 minimum, rescuers face anchor?

A

Litter attendant

86
Q

Defined as 15-40°, belay generally used, rescuers generally not tied into litter?

A

Low angle

87
Q

Defined as 0-15°, relatively easy travel only roped if exposure risk is present, rescuers generally not tied into litter?

A

Flat angle

88
Q

Patient packaging: who is allowed to administer first aid?

A

Anyone who is EMT trained

89
Q

How often are vitals checked for a non-critical patient?

A

Every 15 minutes

90
Q

Inappropriate conversation, never complaining, talk to patient by name, be compassionate, are all considerations of what?

A

Etiquette

91
Q

Patients feeling guilty, embarrassed, scared, claustrophobic, are all considerations of what?

A

Victim psychology

92
Q

Environmental protection, pulse, motor sensory checks, secure torso first, are all elements of what?

A

Restraint

93
Q

When utilizing a litter wheel, it should be?

A

A. Clipped into top rung
B. Positioned under head 3rd of litter
C. Used to avoid cactus, sharp rocks when possible

94
Q

True or False: Litter rigging is very minimal in the low angle realm.

A

True

95
Q

Mark route for visibility, ensure straight route as much as possible, Point our obstacles, remember to look up, are all objectives of what?

A

Route finder

96
Q

4 to 6 bearers max. Remember wheel, sling carry method, 15 foot webbing girth to litter are all what?

A

Low angle methods of carry

97
Q

What is a method for negotiating short sections, using as many bearers as you can find, hand over hand movement of litter?

A

Caterpillar pass

98
Q

40°to 60°, considered Technical, attendants not bearers, system supports weight of rescue package, not the rescuer.

A

Steep angle

99
Q

True or False: Steep angle evacuations pose the lowest rescue loads a system will ever encounter?

A

False

100
Q

Steep angle litter rigging: both tails will be at least how long?

A

10 feet

101
Q

Acts as shock absorbers in the event of a shock load?

A

Prusik bypass (aka fuse)

102
Q

Use two system/personal prusiks, basket hitch one to left side and the other to the right side. Clip both into your harness on same caribiner. This describes what attendant?

A

Foot attendant

103
Q

Basket hitch a long or short personal/system prusik to litter. Use long personal purcell/prusik hitch to the long tail. This describes what attendant?

A

Side attendant

104
Q

Finish by clipping the fig 8 on the end of the long tail into your harness describes who?

A

Foot attendant

105
Q

Map types: Planimetric

A

Flat, no terrain shape info

106
Q

Map types: Topographic

A

Shows the shape of the land

107
Q

Map Types: Large Scale USGS

A

Covers small area, useful for Land Nav

108
Q

Map Types: Small Scale Forest Service

A

Covers large area

109
Q

What is the scale of a USGS topo map?

A

1:24,000
1 grid square = I sq. km

110
Q

What is Datum? What are the three main datums used? Why is datum important?

A

Datum indicates the data set used to make the map. NAD 27, NAD 83, WGS 84 (Most use WGS 84) Coordinates will be off if maps/GPS have different datum

111
Q

When adjusting for declination from compass to map…

A

Subtract

112
Q

When adjusting for declination from map to compass…

A

Add

113
Q

Determining the location of an unknown point by successively sighting it from at least two (preferably three) known positions is known as _____

A

Intersection

114
Q

Determining your location by sighting two known positions is called ______

A

Resection

115
Q

Determining your location by sighting one known position and being on a known feature (e.g. a trail) is called _______

A

Modified resection

116
Q

UTM coordinates are given in what order?

A

Easting (Left to right) Northing (Bottom to top)

117
Q

When is Lat/Long used?

A

Aviation/helicopters

118
Q

What does SERENE stand for?

A

Strong, equalized, redundant, efficient, non extending.

119
Q

What are the contents of a Mini Cache?

A

Rope bag
300 ft. 11mm Rescue Line
50 ft. 11mm Anchor Line
Ice cube tray, edge protection
Pick off harness
Cache bag
10mm delta
10-Aluminum locking carabiners
Scarab
2-single sheave pulleys
2-double sheave pulleys
3-red (15 ft) webbing
3-green (20 ft) webbing
3-yellow (30 ft) webbing
3-green, 25 inch prusiks
3-red, 18 inch prusiks
33 ft, 8mm cordilette
Fire hose edge protection
Rigging plate

120
Q

What is a SOAP note?

A

SOAP stands for SUBJECTIVE (what the subject tells you); OBJECTIVE (what you observe from an exam, includes AMPLE history); ASSESSMENT (what the situation is); and PLAN (what to do about it, includes plan to monitor)

121
Q

What does AMPLE stand for?

A

Allergies, Medications, Past (pertinent history), Last in/out, Events (leading up to accident)

122
Q

What are the four patient surveys?

A

1) Scene safety (are there any dangers present to the rescuer)
2) Primary (is the subject alive? Any immediate medical threats, ABCs)
3) Secondary (Check for other injuries, take vitals, AMPLE history & SOAP notes)
4) Rescue (Do you need help? How will you get help?)

123
Q

What are the ABC…s

A

A–Approach, Assess, Airway
B–Breathing
C–Circulation
D–Deformity (head & neck)
E–Environment (can they stay where they are)

124
Q

What is the first thing to do when approaching a subject who appears to be injured?

A

Check for responsiveness

125
Q

If a subject is unconscious, what should be done immediately?

A

Check for open airway. Remove obstructions and use head tilt to establish airway.

126
Q

If a patient with an open airway isn’t breathing, what should be done?

A

Give 2 full breaths (rescue breathing) and check for pulse. If there is a pulse, continue giving breaths every 4-5 seconds

127
Q

What should be done if a subject doesn’t have a pulse?

A

Begin chest compressions with rescue breaths

128
Q

What are four methods for controlling bleeding?

A

1) Direct pressure
2) Pressure dressing
3) Wound packing
4) Tourniquet

129
Q

After a tourniquet is applied, what must be done?

A

Write the letter T on the subjects forehead, along with the time.

130
Q

A search of high probability areas (trails, roads) and areas of known hazard, conducted by the first rescuers on the scene is called a ____

A

Hasty search

131
Q

A search of segments by multiple rescuers walking back and forth in a prescribed fashion looking for the subject is called an _______

A

Area search

132
Q

What does ROW stand for?

A

Rest of World (everything outside the search area)

133
Q

What does POA stand for?

A

Probability of Areas (Areas where the subject is likely to be found)

134
Q

What does POD stand for? And what can affect it?

A

Probability of Detection (What is the likelihood, as a percentage) that the rescuer would have spotted the subject in the search area). Can be affected by terrain and vegetation, light conditions

135
Q

What does AVPU stand for?

A

Awake- Conscious but how alert?
Verbal-React to questions?
Painful- Do they respond to pain (e.g sternal rub(
Unresponsive-No reaction to anything.

136
Q

What does A&O stand for?

A

Alert and Oriented

137
Q

Subject only knows WHO they are. A&O score=

A

A&O X 1

138
Q

Subject knows who and where they are. A&O score=

A

A&O X 2

139
Q

Subject knows who and where they are, and what day and/or time it is. A&O score=

A

A&O X 3

140
Q

AVPU is part of which category in SOAP?

A

Objective. Goes with Vital Signs

141
Q

What does ERNEST stand for?

A

Equalization, Redundancy, No extension, Equal load, Strong,Timely

142
Q

What are the equipment bag color codes?

A

Blue: Swiftwater
Green: Alpine
Yellow: Helo
Purple: Climbing/Dynamic
Red: Medical
Brown: Cave/Mine
Black: General
Orange: Tech rescue

Equipment Strengths & other CAMRA facts (2 decks)

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