Camera Movement

Question 1

Pan

Answer 1

a camera movement with the camera body turning to the right or left

on the screen, it produces a mobile framing that scans the space horizontally

Question 2

Tilt

Answer 2

a camera movement with the camera body swiveling upward or downward on a stationary support

it produces a mobile framing that scans the space vertically

Question 3

Tracking Shot

Answer 3

a mobile framing that travels through space forward, backward, or laterally

Question 4

Crane Shot

Answer 4

a shot with a change in framing accomplished by placing the camera above the subject and moving through the air in any direction

Question 5

Dolly

Answer 5

a camera support with wheels, used in making tracking shots

Question 6

Handheld Camera

Answer 6

the use of the camera operator’s body as a camera support, either holding it by hand or using a harness

Question 7

Reframing

Answer 7

short panning or tilting movements to adjust for the figures’ movements, keeping them onscreen or centered

Question 8

What is the mobile frame?

Answer 8

the ability of the frame to move with respect to the framed material

mobile framing is what distinguishes film and video from still picture forms

changes onscreen and offscreen space considerably

can also change angle, level, height and distance

different types of mobile frames

different functions of mobile frames

Question 9

What is a pan?

Answer 9

the rotation of the camera on the horizontal axis

Question 10

What is a tilt?

Answer 10

the movement of the camera on vertical axis

Question 11

What is a tracking shot?

Answer 11

the camera as a whole changes position in any direction

can be achieved by a dolly, crane, car, aircraft or Steadicam

Question 12

What is a crane shot?

Answer 12

used to change camera height in an ascending or descending motion

Question 13

What is a hand-held shot?

Answer 13

camera is supported by the cameraperson’s body without aid of compensating equipment

movement is more bumpy and notably less smooth than in dolly and Steadicam shots

used to mimic documentary aesthetic

Question 14

What are the functions of the mobile frame?

Answer 14

most common function is to reframe a character when they move in relation to another character, often by pan or tilt

tracking shots primarily function to follow a character or object while in movement

can reveal or conceal offscreen space

mobile frames can detach from a character to reveal details of setting or plot development

visual field of mobile frame can yield a sense of subjective movement on the part of the spectator

the dolly-zoom shot can be used to underscore character’s subjective states

can emphasize duration especially in long takes

a plan sequence is an entire scene completed within one shot

Question 15

What is the dolly-zoom shot?

Answer 15

expressing character subjectivity

Question 16

What is duration and long take?

Answer 16

duration as real-time experience

Question 17

What are notable “one-shot” feature films?

Answer 17

historically restricted by the size of the film magazine in 35 mm film

advent of digital camera in the 1990s permitted much longer takes through digital storage

Question 18

How is 1917 an apparent one-shot film?

Answer 18

film consists of multiple takes digitally seamed together in editing

estimate of up to 34 seamless cuts

ellipsis of time during black out moment

film’s running time =/= film’s story time

Question 19

What are long takes and mobile framing?

Answer 19

filmmakers must introduce change within a long take to sustain viewer interest

one of the functions of editing is to introduce change through shot changes

change in long takes consists primarily of character and mobile frame movement

the mobile frame can replace editing functions through reframing and tracking