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Sike film stuff > camera basics > Flashcards

camera basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the television standard in Africa, Europe and Asia? PAL or NTSC?

A

PAL

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2
Q

What territories use NTSC instead of PAL

A

North America and Japan

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3
Q

What is the frame rate for PAL

A

25

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4
Q

what does fps stand for?

A

frames per second

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5
Q

If you shoot at a higher frame rate, how does that affect your film?

A

slow motion

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6
Q

Name 3 common power outlets on a camera

A

D-Tap Lemo (2 pin / 4 pin) USB

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7
Q

What’s the voltage of D-Tap

A

12V

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8
Q

What’s the voltage of USB

A

5V

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9
Q

What’s the voltage of Lemo

A

12V (2 pin) or 24V (4 pin)

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10
Q

What is the frame rate for NTSC

A

29,97 (30) fps

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11
Q

What does an ND filter do?

A

an ND filter reduces the amount of light coming through the lens

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12
Q

What are the standard strengths for ND filters?

A

0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 / 1 stop, 2 stops, 3 stops, 4 stops, 5 stops, 6 stops, 7 stops

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13
Q

what do you do when your image is over exposed?

A

bring the exposure down by reducing the amount of light hitting the sensor

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14
Q

how do you control exposure

A

ND filter OR shutter speed/angle OR aperture/iris OR with the light sources

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15
Q

what does f-stop stand for?

A

the setting of your iris/aperture. going one stop up doubles the amount of light.

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16
Q

what does stopping up or down mean?

A

bringing your exposure up or down

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of a tungsten light source?

A

warm light (tungsten) high power consumption high heat output low power efficiency

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of an HMI light source?

A

daylight balanced high power power consumption high heat output strong directional light output

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of an LED light source?

A

low power consumption (can be battery powered) many lamps can be switched between tungsten and daylight color some can do RGB

20
Q

What does RGB stand for?

A

Red Green Blue

21
Q

What is RGB?

A

RGB is a way of mixing any color our of the primary colors Red, Green and Blue. Used in TV, computer and cellphone screens but also in light sources.
Mixing all three colors in the same quantity will create white light.

22
Q

What is an internal ND filter?

A

An ND filter that is built into the camera in front of the sensor, so no filters need to be added to the front of the lens. Some cameras have it (Arri Alexa Mini, Sony Venice, Sony FS7) many don’t (RED cameras don’t)

23
Q

What is a matte box?

A

An attachment to the front of the lens that can hold filters and control flares using flags

24
Q

What does the shutter do?

A

control how long the frame is exposed for

25
What is the difference between shutter angle and shutter speed?
Shutter angle is expressed in degrees (i.e. 180°), shutter speed is expressed in fractions of a second (i.e. 1/50s) shutter speed is a term from stills photography shutter angle is a term in cinematography
26
What does a slower shutter speed / bigger shutter angle result in?
More motion blur
27
What is Depth of field (DoF)?
It refers to how much of your image is sharp.
28
How do you increase the depth of field?
closing your iris (stop down)
29
if you stop down on the iris, what happens to your exposure? What can you do to keep your exposure the same?
compensate by adding more light OR reduce your ND filter OR change your ISO (change your shutter angle/speed, but this will have an impact on the way your image looks)
30
in a camera what does ISO stand for?
light sensitivity -\> how much light can the sensor detect in a certain amount of time. ``` High ISO (i.e. ISO 3200): high light sensitivity, less light needed Low ISO (i.e. ISO 400): low light sensitivity, more light needed ```
31
what typically happens when you increase the light sensitivity of a sensor (ISO)?
more picture noise
32
on which setting is the iris/aperture wider open? f 1.4 or f16?
f 1.4
33
what does 'wide open' mean on a camera?
to put the iris to its most open setting (smallest number on the iris ring) Let's in most light AND makes the shallowest depth of field
34
what is the difficulty with a wide open lens (shallow depth of field)?
only a small part of the image is in focus. It's challenging for the focus puller to keep the image sharp where it is meant to be sharp
35
What are the most common lens mounts?
PL (most cinema lenses) EF (Canon stills lenses) PV (only certain lenses from Panavision gear houses) MFT (Micro Four Thirds, only consumer lenses)
36
What is a Grip (person)?
Key Grip: responsible for mounting of camera on tripod, crane, dolly, car mounts etc. Best Boy Grip: first assistant to the key grip Grips: assistants to the best boy grip
37
What are grips (equipment)?
everything that can be used to mount a camera: tripod, dolly, crane, car mounts, custom rigs
38
What is a focus puller (1. AC)?
First Assistant to the Director of Photography. Operates the follow focus (onboard or wireless) Responsible for all the camera gear.
39
What is a Loader (2.AC)?
Assistant to the Focus Puller. Passes lenses, filters and batteries to the Focus Puller to change in between takes. Responsible for the cleanliness and order of all gear.
40
What is a gear check?
A complete assembly and check of all camera gear in order to minimise technical disruptions of a shoot.
41
What is a DIT?
Digital Image Technician, Responsible for dumping and backing up of footage. Also keeps an eye on the technical integrity of the footage (exposure, color etc.). Works with the DP to create LUTs to use in camera.
42
What is a LUT
Look Up Table Can be used in camera, on VT monitors or in editing software Superimposes a look over raw footage to preview a desired look while shooting or editing
43
What is a Proxy file?
a compressed version (in resolution and/or size) of the raw footage for a faster post production. Will bereplaced by the raw footage at the end of the editing process
44
What does 1080 mean?
resolution for consumer Full HD TV and computer screens 1920px x 1080px aspect ratio: 16:9 or 1.78:1
45
2K (DCI)
2048px × 1080px aspect ratio: 1.90:1
46
4K (UHD)
resolution for consumer TV and computer screens 3840px x 2160px aspect ratio: 16:9 or 1.78:1
47
4K (DCI)
4096px × 2160px aspect ratio: 1.90:1

Sike film stuff (1 decks)

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