camelids

Question 1

how big is an ovulatory follicle? CL?

Answer 1

7-12mm, 10-15mm

Question 2

female puberty/seasonality

Answer 2

mature at 12-36m (60-70%)
no cycles, just has follicular waves, induced ovulation

Question 3

when does progesterone from CL peak and go down?

Answer 3

8-9d
12d

Question 4

when P4 >0.5ng/ml..

Answer 4

female is non receptive

Question 5

how long does a follicle take to grow and regress?

Answer 5

12d

Question 6

how long after mating before ovulation

Answer 6

42h

Question 7

one breeding= ovulation..

Answer 7

75% of the time

Question 8

3 different breeding regimens

Answer 8

field
pen (1 male/2-3females)
hand breeding- once or twice per week

Question 9

pregnancy

Answer 9

fertilized 24-36h
move to uterine body 5-7d
345d pregnancy

Question 10

where does progesterone come from for pregnancy?

Answer 10

CL

Question 11

pregnancy diagnosis

Answer 11

behaviour testing with male, see if shes receptive?

progesterone concentration (>0.5) higher in llamas

U/S: rectally <45d
abd >45d (right side after 80d) can see embryo 17-18d, heartbeat at 28d

Question 12

parturition

Answer 12

stage 1- 30-240min (restless)
2- 10-40min (urination, getting up and down)

Question 13

when should cria be standing and nursing

Answer 13

1h, 2h

Question 14

when is placenta retained

Answer 14

after 3h

Question 15

when to rebreed

Answer 15

15-20d (involution complete)
should be no fluid, 8-10mm follicle

Question 16

male anatomy

Answer 16

open caudally, urethral process spirals CW, has cartilage appendage
testes size-> fertility, epididymal tail is dorsal

prostate/BU- oval

Question 17

accessory gland abnormalities

Answer 17

congenital (aplasia, hypoplasia, cysts) no acquired

Question 18

male puberty and seasonality

Answer 18

mature 18-36m
penile adhesions breakdown

Question 19

breeding

Answer 19

15-45min, dribbler
can breed twice/d for 7dse

Question 20

semen parameters

Answer 20

0.5-2ml
motility >70%
pH 8.1
morphology >50% normals

Question 21

semen collection methods

Answer 21

vaginal aspiration
artificial vagina