Cambridge IELTS 11 Flashcards
conservative
not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change
estimate
to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something
demographic
relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up)
practised
very good at doing something because you have a lot of experience of doing it
throughout
in every part, or during the whole period of time
Historically
in a way that is related to the study or representation of the past
vogue
a fashion or general liking, especially one that is temporary
cutting-edge
very modern and with all the newest features
drastically
in a way that is severe and sudden or has very noticeable effects
implement
to start using a plan or system
herbicide
a chemical that is used to destroy plants, especially weeds
pesticide
a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms
infectious
able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant to another
drawback
a disadvantage or the negative part of a situation
ambitious
having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich
sequence
a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other
dismantle
to get rid of a system or organization, usually over a period of time
keen
very interested, eager, or wanting (to do) something very much
propeller
a device that causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades that spin at high speed
painstakingly
in a way that shows you have taken a lot of care or made a lot of effort
immense
extremely large in size or degree
robust
(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
spine
the line of bones down the centre of the back that provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord
gondola
a narrow boat with a raised point at both ends, used on canals in Venice
docked
if a ship docks, it arrives at a dock and if someone docks a ship, they bring it into a dock
inevitable
certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented
Consequently
as a result
iodide
a chemical element that is found in small amounts in sea water and used to prevent infection
disperse
to spread across or move away over a large area, or to make something do this
stimulate
to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active
dim
not giving or having much light
birches
a tree with smooth, often white bark (= outer covering) and thin branches
scheme
an organized plan for doing something, especially something dishonest or illegal that will bring a good result for you
substitute
to use something or someone instead of another thing or person
overshoot
to go further or do more than necessary or expected
tropics
the hottest area of the earth, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
fleet
a group of ships, or all of the ships in a country’s navy
vessel
a large boat or a ship
maintain
to express firmly your belief that something is true, to keep in existence
overladen
carrying, holding, or containing too much of something
undisputed
If something is undisputed, everyone agrees about it
timber
a long piece of wood used for building, especially houses and ships
obscurity
the state of not being known to many people
conjunction
combine or happen together
wreck
an accident in which a ship is destroyed or sunk at sea
climax
the most important or exciting point in a story or situation
trove
a large amount of something good, useful, or valuable, or a place where this can be found
preserve
to keep something as it is
salvage
to save goods from damage or destruction
terrestrial
relating to the earth
sediment
sand, stones, etc. that slowly form a layer of rock
lush
very attractive to look at, taste, smell
descendant
a person who is related to you and who lives after you, such as your child or grandchild
fertilise
to spread a natural or chemical substance on land or plants, in order to make the plants grow well
sledge
an object used for travelling over snow and ice
topple
to (cause to) lose balance and fall down
effort
physical or mental activity needed to achieve something
replica
an exact copy of an object
extinct
not now existing
groove
a long, narrow, hollow space cut into a surface
