CAM304 Drug Names

Question 1

Donepezil

Answer 1

Cholinesterse inhibitor

Used for Alz D

Question 2

Galantamine

Answer 2

Cholinesterase inhibitor

Used for Alz D
Contraindicated in severe renal failure

Question 3

Rivastigmine

Answer 3

Cholinesterse inhibitor

Used of Alz D

Question 4

Memantine

Answer 4

NDMA receptor inhibitor

(limits overstimulation injury due to glutamate transmission and Ca++ overload)

Used in Alz D or Vasculat dementia
With cholinesterase inhibitor or in those whom do not tolerate them

contraindicated in renal impairment - urine excretion

Question 5

Bexarotene

Answer 5

Only tested in mice so far

LXR and RXR agonist -> which, along with PPARy, increases ApoE production -> increases AB (beta amyloid) clearnace from brain and increased cognitive performance in mice

Question 6

Thiamine

Answer 6

Vitamin B1

Treatment of delirium
(thiamine deficiency can cause werneckes encephalopathy and korsakoff’s psychosis, especially in alcoholics)

Question 7

Haloperidol

Answer 7

has been sued for behavioural disturbances in dementis

extrapyrimidal side effects limit long term use

Question 8

Antipsychotics

Answer 8

role in dementia management limited to control of hallucinations and delusions - limited use for other behavioural issues

Question 9

Benzodiazepines

How they wor & indication

Answer 9

Bind to GABAa receptors on Internuerons
Preventing normal inhibition of DA release from DA neurons -> increased DA release **this is their role in addiciont: increasing DA in VTA and Nuc etc.

Indicated for anxiety, sleep disorders, epilepsy

Question 10

Acamposate

Answer 10

Used for alcohol withdrawal

Glutamate receptor antagonist: NDMA and mGluR5

Reduces neuronal hyperexcitability associated with alcohol withdrawal

Question 11

Naltrexone

Answer 11

Competitive opioid receptor antagonist

Used for alcohol and opioid addiction

In alcohol addiction: prevents good feelings associated with alcohol. Alcohol releases endogenous opioids enkaphalins and endorphins. Prevents these from having affect. No feel good drunk times, but alcohol impairment occurs anyway

In opiod addiction - DON”T use in someone still physically addicted because wil fuck them up with withdrawals. Use in someone already abstinant to prevent effect of any further opioid use. Remember can accellerate the loss of tolerance during abstinance and thus can potentiate overdose if opioids taken again after cessation of naltrexone treatment

Question 12

Disfulfiram

Answer 12

Revents alcohol metabolism by blocking acetaldehyyde breakdown

Produces a range of negative adverse effects if alcohol taken

Potentially life-threatening interaction ensues

Only use in highly motivated patients aware of the risks

Only start administering after 24 hours since last alcohol, and cannot take alcohol for at least 1 week after cessation of treatment

Question 13

Methadone

Answer 13

Oral Opiod agonist designed to reduce incidence of ilicit opioid use

Thought easier to ween people off methadone compared to heroin or morphine

**CAN be just as dangerous as heoin to caution must be taken (S8)

Question 14

Buprenorphine

Answer 14

Partial opioid agonst

Effective in reducing illicit opioid use

Lower overdose risk and less dependence compared with methadone

Effects can be reversed by high doses of naltrexone

Question 15

Bupropion

Answer 15

Used for nicotine addiction

Possible action due to inhibition of neuronal reuptake of DA and NA

But can worsen psychiatric conditions

Question 16

Varenicline

Answer 16

Prevents nicotine from binding to ACh receptors

Prevents pleasurable effects of smoking

Has partial agonist activity which reduces symptoms of withdrawal

Can worsen psychiatric conditions