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Immunology > CALT and MALT review > Flashcards

CALT and MALT review Flashcards

1
Q

what body systems are lined with MALT?

A

Digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems

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2
Q

MALT contains a very large population of what kinds of cells?

A

IgA secreting plasma cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes (mainly T cells)

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3
Q

MALT contains what two kinds of tissue organizations?

A

loose clusters of lymphoid cells in the lamina propria of the intestine, as well as more organized structures like Peyer’s patches

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4
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

submucosal layer of the intestine, tonsils, and appendix

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5
Q

Peyer’s patches and tonsils contains ____ organized into ___ and ___

A

B lymphocytes; primary follicles and germinal centers

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6
Q

Where are T cells normally found around?

A

germinal centres

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7
Q

Why are mucous membranes efficient mechanical barriers? (4 reasons)

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. normal microbial flora
  3. mucous traps and washes away
  4. mucous contains antibacterial lysozyme
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8
Q

What is another important function of epithelial cells

A

important sources of cytokines (e.g. IL-1) that induce a local inflammatory response

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9
Q

What are M cells? what do they do?

A

specializedepithelialcellsthatare flattened and transport antigen from the lumen of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts to the underlying MALT

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10
Q

What do M cells contain that’s unique?

A

A pocket filled with B & T cells as well as macrophages

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11
Q

What happens to B cells when they encounter endocytosed antigen in the pocket of M cells?

A

differentiate into IgA-synthesizing plasma cells

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12
Q

What are two effector functions of secretory IgA?

A
  1. Effectively cross link large antigens

2. prevents receptor mediated attachment (inhibits colonization)

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13
Q

What’s the composition of secretory IgA?

A

dimer or tetramer of IgA,

a J-chain polypeptide, and a 70 kDa polypeptide secretary component

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14
Q

What’s the role of the J chain?

A

promote IgA polymerization and help the IgA bind to the poly-Ig receptor

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15
Q

What’s the point of the 70 kDa polypeptide secretary component and where does it come from?

A

masks cleavage sites in the hinge region and thus protects secretory IgA from digestion

Comes from cleavage of the poly Ig receptor in the vesicle

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16
Q

What are 4 features of the Intraepithelial lymphocytes?

A
  1. T cells that express TCRs with limited diversity
  2. TCRs that interact with microbial phospholipids
  3. Activated without any need for MHC presentation
  4. Can recognize stress-induced MHC-like molecules
17
Q

How are IEL NKT cells engaged?

A

NKT cells with TCRs that react with bacteria-derived glycolipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules (nonclassical class I MHC-like molecules that associate with ß2-microglobulin)

18
Q

When do mucosal mast cells secrete cytokines? what receptors are involved?

A

following triggering of pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs that recognize bacterial lipopolysaccharide (TLR4) or peptidoglycan (TLR2)

19
Q

Many IELs are also…

A

Cytotoxic

20
Q

Homing to mucosal tissues is mediated by binding to vascular addressins such as…

A

MadCAM-1

21
Q

Where is MadCAM-1 found?

A

in peyer’s patches

22
Q

What is the difference in adhesion molecule interaction between a mucosal homing T cell and a skin homing one?

A

Mucosal: T cell expresses LFA-1 which binds to ICAM-1 and LPAM-1 that binds to MadCAM-1

Skin: T cell expresses CLA that binds to E-selectin as well as LFA-1 that binds to ICAM-1

23
Q

Sebum secreted by sebaceous glands creates…

A

An acidic environment that can inhibit microbial growth

24
Q

Langerhans cells are located in the ___ of the CALT

A

epidermal layer

25
Q

what two cells in the CALT secrete cytokines/induce local inflammatory responses?

A

Keratinocytes and skin mast cells

26
Q

Which type of cell can be induced to express class II MHC and therefore be an APC?

A

Keratinocytes

27
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

immature dendritic cell that internalizes antigen

28
Q

Where do langerhans cells transport the antigen?

A

by way of lymphatic vessels from the epidermis to regional lymph nodes

29
Q

What do langerhans cells differentiate into ?

A

mature interdigitating dendritic cell

30
Q

What do mature DCs express that allow for potent activation of naïve CD4+ T helper cells?

A

high levels of class II MHC and costimulatory ligands (CD80/CD86)

31
Q

What kind of cell mainly constitutes intraepidermal lymphocytes?

A

T cells that express TCRs with limited diversity

32
Q

What types of cells are located in the dermis?

A

CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (usually activated or memory) and macrophages

Immunology (19 decks)

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