Call For Indirect Fire Flashcards
A mil is a unit of angular measurement equal to 1/___ of a circle.
6400
Why do artillery and mortars use mils instead of degrees?
Accuracy and the mil relation formula’s ability to easily convert angular deviation into lateral distance.
. To convert degrees to mils, we multiply the number of degrees by?
17.8
What is northwest in mils?
5600
What are the three methods used to determine observer-target (OT) direction?
(1) Scaling from a map
(2) Lensatic compass
(3) Measuring from a reference point
When the FO determines the azimuth to the target (OT direction) with a compass, the result is in mils ________. Before direction can be sent in a CFF, the FO must apply the ______ in order to convert to mils ____
magnetic, GM angle, grid
Direction should be determined to an accuracy of
10 mils
Binoculars are one of the FO’s best tools to measure angular deviation T or F?
True
What are two methods used to determine observer-target (OT) distance?
Estimation, Visibility, Map Study
Distance is expressed to the nearest ______ meters
100 meters
What are the two methods of communicating target location?
(1) Polar Plot
(2) Grid Coordinates
The primary disadvantage of the polar plot method of target location is that the FDC must know the FO’s______. The FO transmits this to the FDC in the form of a ________.
position / location, POSREP
With the grid method of target location, the FO locates the target to an accuracy of ________ by sending_______ digit grid.
100 meters, six
In which method(s) of target location is the FO’s position not needed by the FDC?
a. Grid
b. Polar
c. A and B
a. A Grid
When using the grid method of target location, the FO must transmit _________ to the FDC prior to the first correction.
direction
The CFF has_________ elements and is sent in _______ transmissions.
six, three
List the elements of the CFF in order.
(a) Observer Identification
(b) Warning Order
(c) Target Location
(d) Target Description
(e) Method of Engagement
(f) Method of Fire and Control
The first transmission of the CFF consists of _______ and ________.
Observer Identification, Warning Order
The second transmission of the CFF consists of
Target Location
The third transmission of the CFF consists of ________,and___________
Target Description, Method of Engagement, Method of Fire and Control
What are the four types of missions that can be requested at The Basic School?
Adjust Fire, Fire for Effect, Immediate Suppression, Suppression
What method of target location is not announced in the first transmission? Why?
Grid, because it is the standard method of target location
Explain the difference between an “adjust fire” mission and a “fire for effect” mission.
Adjust Fire – announced when the FO decides an adjustment is needed because of questionable target location. One gun fires one round at a time until the round is close enough for the entire firing unit to engage the target. Fire for Effect – announced when the FO has an accurate target location and is certain that the first volley will have effect. All guns of the firing unit fire simultaneously.
In what transmission are “danger close” or a requested shell/fuze combination announced?
Third transmission
What is “danger close” for mortars and artillery?
600
What would the FO announce if he wanted to control when the firing unit fires?
At my command
What would the FO announce if he wanted the rounds to impact at a specific time?
Time on Target” / “TOT”
What type of artillery round contains 88 small grenade-like shaped charges and is effective against area personnel targets and armored vehicles?
Improved Conventional Munitions (ICM)
What fuze should be requested for effects against troops in fighting holes or trenches?
Variable Time (VT) for artillery or Proximity (prox) / Near Surface Burst (NSB) for mortars
What fuze should be requested for troops in heavy vegetation or with overhead cover?
HE / Delay
What shell should be requested in order to have an incendiary effect on combustible targets such as a refueling station?
HE /White Phosphorous (WP)
What shell is MOST effective for obscuration and screening?
Smoke – M825 (fired by artillery only)
What are the four elements of the message to observer (MTO)?
Unit(s) to Fire, Changes to the Call for Fire, Number of Rounds, Target Number
What should the FO do upon receipt of the MTO?
Read it back verbatim
Unscramble the following information contained in a MTO: (Target #AB2067, B, 2 rounds, ICM, over, MTO).
MTO, B, ICM in effect, 2 rounds, Target # AB 2067, over.
When an adjusting round or the first round in the fire for effect is fired by the firing unit, the FDC announces
“Shot, over”
What is “splash”?
Transmission that informs the FO when his round is five seconds from detonation.
After the initial round bursts, a _______ is recorded and then a _________ is transmitted to the FDC in order to adjust the rounds onto the target.
spotting, correction
What are the four possible range spottings?
Over, Short, Range Correct, Range Doubtful
What are the three possible deviation spottings?
Left, Right, On-Line
Deviation spottings are made to the nearest ________ mils.
5 mils
What is the “OT factor”?
Observer-Target Factor is defined as the OT Distance divided by 1000. When OT Distance is greater than 1000 meters, the OT Factor is expressed to the nearest whole number. When OT Distance is less than 1000 meters, the OT Factor is expressed to the nearest tenth. The OT Factor is used to convert deviation spottings into deviation corrections.
The method we use for range corrections (type of bracketing) at The Basic School is
Successive Bracketing
Define a “bracket.”
One round over the target, one round short of the target.
What is the minimum deviation correction sent to the FDC during the adjustment phase?
30 meters
Given the OT distances below, compute the OT factors:
a. Range 1300, OT Factor =
b. Range 6400, OT Factor =
c. Range 900, OT Factor =
d. Range 2200 , OT Factor =
(a) 1
(b) 6
(c) 0.9
(d) 2
What are the two possible range corrections?
Add, Drop
What is the minimum range correction sent to the FDC during the adjustment phase?
100 meters – except when entering the fire for effect phase
Once a bracket has been established, what will the FO do to each subsequent range correction?
Split the range correction in half
What are the three conditions that allow us to enter the fire for effect phase?
(1) When an adjusting round has effect on the target (2) When splitting a 100-meter bracket
(3) IF YOU HAVE ACCURATE TARGET LOCATION (known grid and/or direction/distance of the target)
What are the four elements of the RREMS statement?
Refinement, Record as Target, End of Mission, Surveillance
Unscramble the following elements of a RREMS statement (end of mission, infantry platoon neutralized, over, add 40, left 10, record as target, estimate 11 casualties).
Left 10, Add 40, Record as Target, End of Mission, Infantry platoon neutralized, Estimate 11 casualties, over.
What are the three elements of the Fire Support System?
Forward Observer (FO), Fire Direction Center (FDC), Firing Unit
What are the three elements of the Fire Support System?
Forward Observer (FO), Fire Direction Center (FDC), Firing Unit
