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California Flashcards

1
Q

With the overall climate described as Mediterranean and some vineyards classed as warm or even hot, what natural factors help to moderate temperatures?

A

Fog that forms in afternoons that can last into mornings, cooling impact and also reduce sunshine exposure.

Cold Pacific Ocean bring water from the north and upwelling along the coast cool coastal areas without mountain protection.

Gap in the mountain ranges allow ocean influence to impact further inland.

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2
Q

Why influence of altitude isn’t perhaps as big in some cases?

A

Vineyards that are above the layer of fog, altitude lowers temperatures but also gain long hours of intense sunlight.

Black grapes gain greater colour and tannins.

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3
Q

What allows extra hang time resulting in very ripe grapes with concentrated flavours and high sugars?

A

Scarcity of autumn rain.

Overall water shortage mean drip irrigation is widely used.

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4
Q

For White Zinfandel, when are the grapes picked and why?

A

Early to retain acidity

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5
Q

Name some of the areas known for the use of Zinfandel?

A

Lodi
Central Valley
Calistoga (northern end of Napa, warmests)
Dry Greek Valley (Sonoma)

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6
Q

Where in California do you find the largest planting of Merlot and the typical wine style?

A

Central Valley

Inexpensive fruity early drinking

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7
Q

Where in California are high quality Merlot produced?

A

Cooler sites:

Monterey
Napa
Sonoma

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8
Q

Where do you find premium Pinot Noir in California?

A

Russian River Valley (Sonoma)
Los Carneros
Santa Maria Valley

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9
Q

Where do you find inexpensive high volume Chardonnay?

A

Central Valley

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10
Q

Where do you find higher quality Chardonnay?

A

Russian River Valley

Los Carneros

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11
Q

Where do you find inexpensive and best quality Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Inexpensive in Central Valley

Best examples in coastal regions

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12
Q

What are the main areas in North Coast?

A

Napa
Sonoma
Mendocino

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13
Q

What are the main cooling influences for the southern part of Napa?

A

Morning fogs

Cool afternoon breezes from San Pablo Bau

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14
Q

North of the cooler Los Carneros, which are the warmer Napa AVAs warm enough to fully ripen Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Stags Leap District
Yountville
Oakville
Rutherford (warmest)

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15
Q

Which are the main white varieties in AVAs between Los Carneros and St Helena?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

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16
Q

Which are the warmest AVAs of Napa and where some cooling influence may come from? Also what are the main grapes?

A

Calistoga
Saint Helena

Gap in the mountains and cooler nights.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Zinfandel
Syrah

17
Q

For side valley AVAs such as Howell Mountain (West facing so hot pm sun) Mount Veeder (East facing), what is their main cooling influence?

A

Altitude but lie above fog layer.

18
Q

In terms of wine style, what are wines from side valleys of Napa compare to other areas?

A

Higher tannins and less rich on the palate.

19
Q

In Sonoma, why is Russian River Valley is cooler than its northern neighbour Dry Greek Valley?

A

Very cool foggy conditions due to a break in the coastal ranges

20
Q

In Dry Creek Valley, how can both old vines Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc be grown?

A

Zinfandel above fog layer

Valley floor for Sauvignon Blanc

21
Q

What is the name of the most northern and warmest AVA of Sonoma?

A

Alexander Valley

Main grape Cabernet Sauvignon

22
Q

Why vineyards in Sonoma Coast AVA are planted facing south?

A

Help ripening due to cold pacific influence.

In the southern parts cooled by breezes and fogs from San Pablo Bay (like lower parts of Napa)

23
Q

Which Mendocino AVA produce wines with aromatic Varieties such as Riesling and Gewürztraminer?

A

Anderson Valley as it’s very cool.

24
Q

Which is the larger Mendocino AVA much warmer and dryer, producing full bodied wine from Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel and Syrah?

A

Protected by coastal hill at like 900m high

25
Q

For Central Coast, name the main AVAs from north to south

A

Santa Cruz Mountains
Monterey
Paso Robles
Santa Maria Valley

26
Q

What makes Santa Cruz Mountains suitable for the production of the most elegant Cabernet in California?

A

Moderate climate.

Hillside locations with infertile soils.

High quality P Noir and Chardonnay are also produced.

27
Q

What natural factors allow Monterey AVA suitable for Chardonnay and P Noir?

A

Follows path of a valley strongly influenced by cold Pacific Ocean, so strong winds.

Further into the valley winds less prominent so Cabernet, Merlot and Syrah are planted.

28
Q

What makes the southern part of Central coast cooler than the northern parts?

A

Mountain ranges are orientated east to west so flow of cool ocean breezes into mainland.

29
Q

Paso Robles produce high quality as well as high volume wines, why is this?

A

The east experience hit sunny weather and with fertile soils, suitable for supple fruity high volume wines.

The west cooled by ocean air, reputation for high quality Zinfandel and Rhône varieties.

30
Q

Why is Santa Maria Valley the coolest region of Central Coast, hence noted for premium P Noirand Chardonnay?

A

We’ll exposed to cold Pacific Ocean and in low lying areas, fog can cover the area during the day.

31
Q

Which southern Central Coast AVA is warm enough to make wines from Bordeaux grapes and Syrah?

A

Santa Ynez Valley

32
Q

What is the climate of Central Valley?

A

Mostly hot and dry, so irrigation is widely used.

33
Q

What are the main grapes used in Central Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Chardonnay

34
Q

Why is Lodi cooler than Central Valley?

A

By Sacramento Delta so experience cooling breezes from San Francisco Bay.

35
Q

With majority of Californian wines sold domestically, how much is actually exported?

A

Just over 10%

USA (4 decks)

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