Calculations using Ar, Mr and Moles Flashcards
What is Ar?
Atomic mass (compared to carbon)
What is Mr?
Relative molecular mass (total of all the atomic masses)
What is a mole?
1 mole = 6.022x10^23 particles
What is mass?
The amount of matter
Write the 3 equations linking mass, Mr and moles?
Mr x moles = mass
mass / Mr = moles
mass / moles = Mr
EQUATION SHIT
LEARN IT
What is the yield?
The amount of substance you get out as a proportion of which you put in
What is the method for calculating the mass of a product? (Theoretical Maximum Yield)
Name the two types of bonding?
The stealing of electrons (ionic) and the sharing of electrons (covalent and metallic)
Why are the Noble gases exceptionally stable?
They have full electron shells
What is an ion?
An element which has gained or lost electrons (ions are formed to make sure the atom has a full outer shell)
What charge does the loss of electrons give?
Positive
What charge does the gain of electrons give?
Negative
What is the octet rule?
2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the rest
What does a full outer shell mean?
The ion/atom is stable
What happens when a metal reacts with a non-metal?
The metal atom loses electrons and the non-metal gains - forming an ionic compound
Oppositely charged ions do what?
Attract like magnets - this force of attraction is an ionic bond
Why do metal atoms form +ve ions and non-metals -ve?
It takes less energy
What is a lattice?
An arrangement of ions so that each +ve ion is surrounded by -ve ions and vice versa - this causes ions to form crystals, held together by electrostatic forces
Why do ionic lattices have high melting/boiling points?
Have lots of electrostatic bonds - all must be broken; this takes a lot of energy
What does molten mean?
A substance which has been melted (thus a liquid)
Why can ionic lattices not conduct electricity when in a solid state?
The ions can’t move
Why can ionic lattices conduct electricity when molten?
The ions are no longer held in place - can move
What is covalent bonding?
Bonding between 2 non-metals
