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New approach > Calculations > Flashcards

Calculations Flashcards

1
Q

Gravity

A

Universal force that attracts all objects to each other. Holds our planet in orbit around Sun and the Moon in orbit around us. All objects on the surface of the Earth are attracted to the center of the Earth

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2
Q

Equation for Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

A

Gf = Gm1m2/r^2

Gf is gravitation force between two objects
m1, m2 = their mass
r = the distance between them
G = gravitation constant

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3
Q

Weight

A

Measure of the force of gravity on an object (changes with location)

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4
Q

Why would you weigh less at the Equator than at the North Pole?

A

Earth is not a perfect sphere and is slightly flattened at poles. Earth’s rotation increases this effect further. At North Pole you are closer to Earth’s center; therefore, the gravitational attraction between you and Earth is greater

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5
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in object. Always remains same except when the object’s velocity approaches the speed of light

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6
Q

Compare the weight and mass of a baseball on the Earth and the Sun: the baseball’s ___ changes, its ____ remains the same

A

weight

mass

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7
Q

Field

A

Region or space or the environment where a given quantity can be measured at any point (ex: gravity, electric potential, magnetism, air pressure, relative humidity)

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8
Q

Isolines

A

Lines used to represent the presence of a field and connect points of equal value (on 2d surface)

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9
Q

Iso-Surface

A

Surface on 3D object where all points have equal field value (like a topo map representing three dimensions_

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10
Q

What is the formula that represents gradient or slope?

A

Gradient is change in field value divided by change in distance

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11
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy of position. Energy not currently being used but can be used in future

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12
Q

Formula for potential energy

A

PE = mgh

PE=potential energy
m=mass of object
g=acceleration due to gravity
h=height of object

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13
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion. Increases with increasing velocity

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14
Q

Formula to calculate kinetic energy

A

KE = 1/2 mv^2

KE = kinetic energy
m= mass of object
v= velocity of object
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15
Q

Equation for percent deviation from accepted value (or percent error)?

A

D% = [Vm-Va] x 100 / Va

D% - percent deviation from accepted value (or percent error)
Va - accepted value
Vm - measured value

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16
Q

Metric system unit for length

A

Meter

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17
Q

Metric system unit for volume

A

Liter

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18
Q

Metric system unit for mass

A

Gram

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19
Q

Metric system unit for density

A

gram per liter

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20
Q

Metric system unit for time

A

second

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21
Q

Metric system unit for temp

A

Celcius (Centigrade)

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22
Q

Metric system prefix for one million

A

mega

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23
Q

Metric system prefix for 1,000

A

kilo

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24
Q

Metric system prefix for hundred

A

hecto

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25
Q

Metric system prefix for 10

A

deka

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26
Q

Metric system prefix for one tenth

A

deci

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27
Q

Metric system prefix for one hundreth

A

centi

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28
Q

Metric system prefix for one thousandth

A

milli

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29
Q

Metric system prefix for one millionth

A

micro

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30
Q

Metric system equiv. to 1,000 grams

A

kilogram

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31
Q

Metric system equivalent to 1/10 liter

A

deciliter

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32
Q

Metric system equivalent to 100 meters

A

hectometer

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33
Q

Metric system equivalent to one millionth of a gram

A

microgram

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34
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Atom of an element contains a unique number of protons. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = numbers of protons. Number of neutrons may vary. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with diff. numbers neutrons.

35
Q

Atomic number

A

Protons in nucleus of atom

36
Q

Atomic number of Carbon

A

6

37
Q

Atomic number for Oxygen

A

8

38
Q

Atomic number for Hydrogen?

A

1

39
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons in isotope of an element

40
Q

How many neutrons in an isotope of carbon-12?

A

6 (cause there are 6 protons)

41
Q

How many neutrons in an isotope of Carbon-14?

A

8

42
Q

How many neutrons in isotope of hydrogen-1?

A

0

43
Q

How many neutrons in isotope of hydrogen-2?

A

1

44
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average of the atomic masses of the isotpes of a given element. Calculated by taking a weighted average of the isotopes of an element (factoring in relative abundance). Ex: sample of chlorine contains chlorine 35 and 36 isotopes; the atomic mass is 35.45 cause an average sample contains a slightly higher percentage of chlorine-35 atoms

45
Q

Density

A

Amount of material in a given space (or volume)

46
Q

Basic formula to calculate density

A

Density = Mass divided by Volume

47
Q

As the temp. increases, the density of a gas does what?

A

decreases

48
Q

As temp. decreases, gas density does what?

A

increases

49
Q

The density of liquids and solids does what as temp increases?

A

decreases

50
Q

3 phases of matter from least to most dense

A

gas, liquid, solid

51
Q

List 5 phase changes

A 
melting
freezing
boiling
condensation
sublimation
52
Q

Metling

A

solid to liquid

53
Q

Freezing (or fusion)

A

liquid to solid

54
Q

Boiling (or evap.)

A

liquid to gas

55
Q

Condensation

A

gas to liquid

56
Q

Sublimation

A

solid directly to gas

57
Q

During melting, heat is ___

A

absorbed or gained

58
Q

During condensation, heat is

A

released

59
Q

During freezing, heat is ___

A

released

60
Q

During boiling, heat is ____

A

absorbed or gained

61
Q

Equation for circumference of a circle

A

2 pi radius = pi diameter

62
Q

Equation for volume of a sphere

A

Volume = 4/3pi r ^3

63
Q

Equation for surface area of a sphere?

A

A = 4pi r ^2

64
Q

Equation for volume of rectangular solid?

A

Length x Width x Height

65
Q

Equation for eccentricity of ellipse

A

E = distance between foci DIVIDED BY length of major axis

66
Q

Equation for relative humidity

A

%RH = (vapor pressure of the dewpoint temp divided by vapor pressure of dry bulb temp) times 100

67
Q

Equation for heat required for melting

A

H = mass times heat of fusion

68
Q

Equation for heat required for vaporization

A

H = mass times heat of vaporization

69
Q

Equation for change of heat content?

A

Heat = mass times change in temp times specific heat (constant particular to substance)

70
Q

Process resulting in heat loss is called…

A

exothermic

71
Q

Process resulting in heat gain

A

endothermic

72
Q

Heat of fusion for water

A

80 calories/gram

73
Q

Heat of vaporization of water

A

540 calories/gram

74
Q

Density of water

A

1 gram/mL (at 4C)

75
Q

Absolute Temp Scale

A

Measures temp in Kelvin. Scale begins at 0 K.

76
Q

Freezing point of water in Kelvin

A

273 K

77
Q

Boiling point of water in Kelvin

A

373 K

78
Q

Absolute Zero

A

Lowest possible temp at which all atomic motion ceases

79
Q

Value of absolute zero in kelvin?

A

0 K

80
Q

Value of absolute zero in Celsius?

A

-273 Celcius

81
Q

Explain how to convert C to kelvin

A

add 273

82
Q

Explain how to convert kelvin to C

A

substract 273

83
Q

Convert 70 kelvin to C

A

-203C

84
Q

Convert -100 C to kelvin

A

173 K

New approach (16 decks)

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