Calculation Of Doses: General Consideration

Question 1

Dose

Answer 1

It is the quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.

Question 2

Single Dose

Answer 2

The amount taken at one time

Question 3

Daily Dose/ Total Dose

Answer 3

The amount taken during the course of therapy

Question 4

Dosage Regimen

Answer 4

The schedule of dosing
(Ex. QID for 10 days)

Question 5

Usual Adult Dose

Answer 5

The amount that ordinaripy produces the medicinal effect intended in the adult patient

Question 6

Usual Pediatric Dose

Answer 6

Is similarly defined for the infant or child patient

Question 7

Usual Dosage Range

Answer 7

The quantitative amounts of the drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice

Question 8

Median Effective Dose

Answer 8

The amount that produces the desired intensity of effect in 50% of the individuals tested

Question 9

Median Toxic Dose

Answer 9

The amoumt that produces toxic effects in 50% of the individuals tested

Question 10

Loading Dose

Answer 10

Or Priming Dose, a larger-than-usual initial dose may be required to achieve the desired blood drug level

Question 11

Median Effective Concentration

Answer 11

The minimum concentration to produce the drug’s desired effects in a patient

Question 12

Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)

Answer 12

The concentration that produces dose-related toxic effects

Question 13

Monotherapy

Answer 13

Primary Drug Treatment

Question 14

Adjunctive Therapy

Answer 14

Additional to or supportive of a different primary treatment

Question 15

Prophylactic Doses

Answer 15

Administered to protect the patient from contradicting a specific disease
(Ex. Vaccines)

Question 16

Dosage Forms

Answer 16

Contains pharmaceutical ingredients , which provides physical features, stability requirments, and aesthetic characteristics desired for optimal therapeutic effects

Question 17

Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Answer 17

Solvents
Vehicles
Preservatives
Stabilizers
Solubilizers
Binders
Fillers
Disintegrants
Flavorants
Colorants

Question 18

1 teaspoonful (tsp)

Answer 18

5ml

Question 19

1 tablespoonful (tbsp)

Answer 19

15ml

Question 20

20 drops (gtt)

Answer 20

1ml

Question 21

Number of doses

Answer 21

Number of doses= Total quantity
——————
Size of dose

Question 22

Size of Dose

Answer 22

Size of Dose= Total Quantity
——————–
Number of doses

Question 23

Total Quantity

Answer 23

Total Quantity= # of Doses× Size of Doses

Question 24

Low-Dose Therapy

Answer 24

The administration of doses that are much smaller than the usual dose of a drug
Ex.
Use of aspirin in 81 mg amounts ( rather than the usual dose of 325mg) to lower the risk of heart attack and clot-related stroke
Low-dose oral contraceptive use
Low-dose postmenopausal hormone therapy

Question 25

High Dose Theraphy

Answer 25

The administration of doses that are much larger than the usual dose of a drug
Ex.
Commonly associated with the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Through increased dose intensity, to kill tumor cells.
High-dose use of progestin in the treatment of endometriosis
High-dose influenza vaccinatiom of the elderly.

Question 26

Fixed-Dose Combination Products

Answer 26

Products containing two or more therapeutic agents in fixed-dose combinations.

Question 27

Tablet Splitting and Crushing

Answer 27

A number of tablets are scored, or grooved, to allow breaking into approximately equal pieces ( usually halves)
This allows dosage flexibility, particularly when a patient is started at a half dose and then is titrated up to a full dosage level
It also enables a patient to take product at a strength that is not otherwise available