Calculation Of Doses: Definition Flashcards
quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.
dose of a drug
, the amount taken at one time;
single dose, a daily dose;
the amount taken during the course of therapy.
total dose,
may be subdivided and taken in divided doses, two or more times per day depending on the characteristics of the drug and the illness.
A daily dose
T he schedule of dosing (e.g., four times per day for 10 days) is referred to as the.
dosage regimen
The - is based on its biochemical and pharmacologic activity, its physical and chemical properties, the dosage form used, the route of administration, and various patient factors
dose of a drug
is the amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in the adult patient.
usual adult dose of a drug
is similarly defined for the infant or child patient.
usual pediatric dose
serve as a guide to physicians who may select to prescribe that dose initially or vary it depending on the assessed requirements of the particular patient.
usual” adult and pediatric doses of a drug
indicates the quantitative range or amounts of the drug that may be prescribed within the guide- lines of usual medical practice.
usual dosage range for a drug
is provided in the package inserts that accompany manufacturers’ pharmaceutical products, from online resources, and through a variety of references
Drug use and dose information
is dependent on many actors including whether the illness or condition is responsive to short-term or long-term treatment; the physical– chemical and biologic characteristics o the drug substance itsel ; and eatures o the prod- uct ormulation and route o drug administration.
frequency or scheduling of dosing
For certain drugs, a larger-than-usual initial dose may be required to achieve the desired blood drug level. This dose is referred to as the.
loading dose
, similar in amount to usual doses, are then administered according to the dosage regimen to sustain the desired drug blood levels or drug e ects.
Subsequent maintenance doses
To achieve the desired drug blood level rapidly, the may be administered as an injection or oralliquid,whereasthe maybeadministeredinother orms, such as tablets or capsules.
loading dose
subsequentmaintenancedoses
Tablets, capsules, lozenges, solutions, drops, syrups, and suspensions
Oral (mouth, GI tract)
(mouth, GI tract)
Oral
Tablets
Sublingual (under the tongue)
(under the tongue)
Sublingual
Solutions and suspensions
Parenteral (injection)
(injection)
Parenteral
Ointments, creams, powders, lotions, aerosols, and patches
Epicutaneous/transdermal (skin)
(skin)
Epicutaneous/transdermal
Solutions, suspensions, and ointments
Conjunctival (eye)
(eye)
Conjunctival
Solutions, sprays, and ointments
Intranasal (nose)
(nose)
Intranasal
Aerosols and inhalant solutions
Intrarespiratory (lungs)
(lungs)
Intrarespiratory
Ointments, creams, suppositories, solutions, and suspensions
Rectal (rectum)
(rectum)
Rectal
Ointments, creams, tablets, suppositories, gels, solutions, and emulsion foams
Vagina (vagina)
Solutions and suppositories
Urethral (urethra)
(urethra)
Urethral
administration o doses that are much smaller or much larger than the usual dose of a drug is referred to as
low-dose or high-dose therapy,
is commonly associated with the chemotherapeutic treatment o cancer, in which there is an attempt, through increased dose intensity, to kill tumor cells.
High-dose therapy
Avarietyo prescriptionandnonprescriptionproductsareavailablecontainingtwoormore therapeutic agents in
fixed-dose combinations.
advantage is that two or more needed drugs may be taken in a single dose, which may be more conve- nient, enhance compliance, and be less expensive or the patient than taking the same drugs individually.
combination products
W hether the is a liquid (e.g., a syrup) or a solid (e.g., a tablet) dosage orm, when a dose is taken, the component drugs are taken in a ixed-dose ratio.
Fixed-dose combination
