Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Chemistry 1 > Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium > Flashcards

Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Flashcards

1
Q

Increase intracellular calcium results in increased…

A

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A decrease in serum magnesium, Causes calcium in serum to…

A

Go down (Into the cell) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An increase in serum magnesium Causes _________ in Serum calcium

A

Increase (Decrease inside the cells) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Over 300 Enzymatic activity requires magnesium as a…

A

Cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the biologically active form of magnesium?

A

Ionized/free form (about 70%) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is magnesium extracellular or intracellular cation?

A

Intracellular, influenced by Hemolysis
*divalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Major source of magnesium?

A

Diet/reabsorbed in intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal value for magnesium in plasma/serum?

A

1.7-2.2 mEq/L (0. 85-1.10 mmol/L)

  • Member first number is twice as much
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the percentages and location of magnesium in the body?***

A

-bone 50-60%
-muscle 20%, intracellular 20% (Cells equals 40%)
-Serum 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Magnesium in serum, which accounts for 1% of all body magnesium,  is in what forms? 

A

-ionized about 70% *
-Protein associated 25%
-Combined ions (Phosphate and citrate) 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Steroid hormones don’t need plasma ____________

A

Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Three mechanisms of allosteric regulator

A

-changes structure of proteins so substrate cannot bind
-physically covers the substrate binding site
-Enhances enzymatic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

-enzymatic reactions, energy storage/transfer/production
** Inhibits calcium entry into cells!
* Bone homeostasis (50-60%) 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Magnesium in serum is regulated by…

A

-parathyroid hormone PTH (Can stimulate reabsorption in intestine and release from bone) 
-aldosterone (Increases sodium and decreases potassium), And thyroxine.

Aldosterone And thyroxine increase in renal magnesium excretion (Lowers magnesium)*****

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three hormones regulate magnesium?

A

-thyroxine
-Aldosterone
-Parathyroid hormone PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mg inhibits __________ entry into the cell

A

Calcium**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are symptoms of hyper magnesium?

A

heart block, vomiting, nausea

Sedation, respiratory depression, paralysis,coma 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of elevated magnesium

A
  • adrenal insufficiency: Hypoaldosteronism (aldosterone increases magnesium excretion)
  • hypothyroidism
    -Renal Failure
    -Dehydration (Relative amount, not absolute amount) 
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Symptoms of hypomagnesium

A

-tetany and seizures, decreasing neural transmission, CV abnormalities, weakness, tremors, paralysis,,, psychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes of hypomagnesium

A
  • diabetes mellitus (Type two magnesium effects insulin function)
  • Diuretic therapy
  • alcoholism
    -Drug therapy
  • Hyperaldosteronism (Magnesium gets excreted)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body, fifth most abundant inorganic element

A

Calcium

Too much increases apoptosis 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

 ______% of calcium resides in the bone (reservoir), ___% in plasma 

A

99
1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Of the 1% of calcium in the plasma what percentage is the free ionized form that is biologically active?
What percentage is bound to proteins?

A

45-50
40-50

24
Q

________-Calcium specific curator
________-Divalent curator that removes calcium and magnesium

A

EGTA, EDTA

25
Q

Calcium can be re-distributed Among three plasma pools by…

A
  1. Alteration in the Protane and anion
  2. pHchange
  3. Changes in free total calcium in serum
26
Q

What are the functions of calcium?

A

-Key mineral in bone matrix
-Enzymatic activity regulator (Allosteric regulator)
-Component of coagulation and complement system
-Maintenance of skeletal and cardiac muscle tone/contraction, signal transduction, Glycogen metabolism and cell division

27
Q

Calcium opens up _________ Binding site (Remove troponin) So actin and myosin can bind

A

Actin 

28
Q

_______________ have higher calcium concentrations than adults

A

Neonates

Calcium levels are dynamic, increase calcium because they are growing and reconstruction of bone

29
Q

Phosphorus in the form of phosphate found ____% In bone

A

85

30
Q

Phosphorus monovalent or divalent depending on…

A

pH

Decrease pH it will be monovalent

31
Q

What type of ion is phosphorus?

A

Major intracellular anion

32
Q

Functions of phosphorus

A

-Energy storage ATP
-DNA structure
-Buffer in blood
-Bone matrix

33
Q

Calcium and phosphorus are ____________ Related (serum concentrations)

A

Inversely****

34
Q

In bone, phosphate and calcium form_____________ Which is the foundation to the bone

A

Hydroxyapatite

35
Q

What major organs maintain calcium phosphorus regulation?

A

-bone
-Intestines
-Kidney

36
Q

Major hormones for calcium phosphorus regulation

A

-vitamin D (Calcitrol)
-Parathyroid hormones (PTH)
-Calcitonin (Thyroid hormone) 

37
Q

Critical bone components:

Matrix of primary collagen (Unmineralized)

A

Osteoid

38
Q

Critical bone components:

Calcium, phosphorus, etc.

A

Minerals

39
Q

What are the three bone cells?

A

-osteoblasts: Bone formation
-Osteocytes: Mature/trapped osteoblasts
-Osteoclasts: bone reabsorption (Tear down bone)

40
Q

Osteoblasts are actively regulated by:
Osseo class are actively regulated by: 

A

Calcitrol and PTH
Calcitrol PTH and calcitonin

  • PTH and calcitonin are immediate regulators
41
Q

What are the immediate regulators of calcium? What is the long-term regulator?

A
  • PTH and calcitonin
  • Vitamin D/Calcitrol
42
Q

What responds when serum calcium decreases?

A

Parathyroid glands to produce parathyroid hormone to increase calcium

43
Q

Increase parathyroid hormone has what effect?

A

-Increased Osteoblast and osteoclast *(Tearing down bone) activity in bone
-increase phosphate excretion in kidney
-Results in an increase of calcium and decrease phosphate ion
-Increased Calcitrol

44
Q

What is the biologically active form of vitamin D/Calcitrol

A

1, 25 (OH)2D*

45
Q

PTH directly effects…

A

Calcium and phosphate

46
Q

Major hormone involved with serum calcium and phosphate regulation through intestine, bone and kidney

A

Vitamin D/Calcitrol

47
Q

Increased PTH _________Phosphorus

A

Decreases

48
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D

A

-increased intestinal calcium absorption
- Increase osteoblast activity in bone cells
-Increase renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption
-Intermediate to longer-term regulator of calcium
-Feedback and Inhibits PTH secretion

49
Q

What inhibits PTH secretion?

A

Increased vitamin D

50
Q

increased _____________ Activity and kidney by increase PTH and or decrease phosphate

A

1-a-Hydroxylase

51
Q

Increased calcium and vitamin D ___________ PTH

A

Decreases

52
Q

What are the main sources of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus?

A

Diet

53
Q

When fasting, phosphorus is mainly effected by…

A

PTH

54
Q

What is decreased and long-term liver disease?

A

Serum levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus

They are normally bound to proteins, in liver disease proteins decrease so these get excreted in urine instead

55
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Decrease serum calcium levels, moves calcium to the bone*

56
Q

What opposes the effect of PTH on calcium and phosphate movement from the bone? 

A

Calcitonin

57
Q

Calcitonin __________ Calcitrol

A

Increases

“Paradox effect” 

Clinical Chemistry 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions