Calcium

Question 1

how is calcium found in the body

Answer 1

diffusible

non- diffusible (bound to protein)

Question 2

what 3 things maintain calcium homeostasis

Answer 2

parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
vitamin D

Question 3

parathyroid hormone

Answer 3

secreted by parathyroid glands in response to low plasma [Ca]
acts to increase plasma [Ca] by..
increasing bone resorption
increasing Ca absorption in kidneys and intestines (helped by vit D inintestines)

Question 4

calcitonin

Answer 4

secreted from thyroid glands
acts to decrease plasma calcium by ..
increasing bone formation
decreasing Ca resorption in the kidneys

Question 5

hypocalcaemic tetany

Answer 5

decreased [Ca} leading to increased nerve excitability therefore muscle spasms / pins and needles

Question 6

alkalosis

Answer 6

caused by hyperventilation (panic attack)
excessively alkaline condition of body that can cause low plasma [Ca]
remedy is to trap CO2 in lungs

Question 7

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

over active parathyroid therefore excess bone resorption

Question 8

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 8

under active parathyroids

can result in defective mineralisation of teeth

Question 9

vitamin D deficiency

Answer 9

either dietary deficiency or failure of the body to synthesise
decreases Ca uptake in GIT therefore undermineralised bone that lacks rigidity
chidren - rickets
adults - osteomalacia