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Calcium > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Ca changes due to

A

to abnormal regulatory control; NOT DIET

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2
Q

Increase in blood Ca causes

A

Ca Rigor; muscle contract; cannot relax

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3
Q

Decrease in Blood Ca

A

Ca Tetany; uncontrolled muscle contraction

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4
Q

Ca Rigor + Ca Tetany is caused by

A

changes in abnormal regulatory control; NOT DIET

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5
Q

Long Term inadequate Ca intake is reflected in

A

BONES not blood

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6
Q

How much % is Ca absorbed

A

25-30 % normally. 50% in children. teens, pregnant women

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7
Q

What protein is needed to increase Ca absorption?

A

Ca binding protein

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8
Q

Vitamin that is needed for production of Ca binding protein

A

Vitamin D

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9
Q

Milk is best for what Vitamin production

A

Vitamin D

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10
Q

What inhibits Ca abs. ?

A

lack of stomach acid, High P, vit D. deficiency, high fiber diet, Oxalates, and Phytates

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11
Q

Phytates

A

seeds, nuts & grains

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12
Q

Oxatales

A

beets, rhubarb, and spinach

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13
Q

What is needed to enhance ca abs?

A

Stomach Acid
Vitamin D
Lactose
Growth hormones

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14
Q

Hormones involved in Ca homeostasis?

A

Vitamin D
parathormone
Calcitonin

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15
Q

How does Vitamin affect the abs. of Ca in the intestines?

A

-Increases production of intestinal Ca transport genes
-MAKES Ca binding protein to increase abs.

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16
Q

Where is Ca binding protein made?

A

intestines

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17
Q

When Blood ca decreases what hormone is released ?

A

Parathyroid hormone PTH is released; stimulates kidneys to convert 25 hydroxy vit D to 1,25 hydroxy vit. D

Vitamin D decreases CA excretion via Kidneys

because the blood is low on Ca; Vitamin d Will tell the kidneys to stop excreting

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18
Q

What hormone stimulates kidneys to convert 25 hydroxy vit D to 1-25 hydroxy vit. d ?

A

Parathyroid hormone PTH

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19
Q

When does the hormone Parathyroid Hormone PTH signal the kidneys?

A

When blood Ca levels drop

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20
Q

What is osteoclasts ?

A

Blood Ca is low; therefore vit. D causes cells to convert into bone DISSOLVING cells to release Ca in the blood

cells from bones need to DISSOLVE to go into the blood

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21
Q

What is osteoblasts?

A

Blood Ca is high; cells need to convert to bone making cells

from BLOOD TO BONE to reduce blood ca

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22
Q

How does Vitamin d act like a hormone?

A

When Ca abs. needs to be increased it stimulates intestines to make ca binding protein

When Ca blood is low it will let the kidneys know to stop excreting Ca; PTH gets released.

Vitamin D signals the precursor cells to either to convert either osteoblasts or osteoclasts.

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23
Q

When there is an increase in Ca in the blood the Thyroid gland secretes

A

Calcitonin - atone wants to stop everything

prevents activation of Vitamin D
prevents reabs. of ca by kidneys
Limits Ca abs. by intestines
inhibits bone breakdown

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24
Q

What hormone gets released when there is an increase of Ca?

A

Calcitonin

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25
Q

What would you need to lower blood Ca levels?

A

Calcitonin

Prevents vit. D from communicating to organs involved needed for abs.

prevents reabs. of ca by kidneys
limits ca abs. by intestines
inhibits bone breakdown

26
Q

How to increase blood Ca levels?

A

Vitamin D needed to signal intestines, kidneys, bones

when blood drops it signals the Parathyroid to release Parathormone -

*Parathormone will activate Vit. D

Vit. D & parathormone stimulate Ca reabs. in the kidneys

Vit D signals intestines to to increase Ca abs.

Vit. D will stimulate bone to release Ca

27
Q

Rising blood Ca levels will signal Thyroid gland to secrete what?

A

Calcitonin

28
Q

Failing blood Ca levels will signal Parathyroid to secrete

A

parathormone

29
Q

Adolescents up to age 18; 1,300 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

A

Adolescents up to age 18; 1,300 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

3 cups of milk; 1300 mg

30
Q

Adults age 19-50; 1,000 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

A

Adults age 19-50; 1,000 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

Lowest

31
Q

Adults age 50 or older; 1,200 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

A

Adults age 50 or older; 1,200 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

Men need less than women

32
Q

Women age 50 or older ; 1,500 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

A

Women age 50 or older ; 1,500 mg Ca/day 2,500 mg Ca/day

They need the most

33
Q

How many cups of milk for children?

A

2 cups

34
Q

How many cups of milk for teenagers?

A

3 cups

35
Q

How many cups of milk for adults ?

A

2 cups

36
Q

How many cups of milk for pregnant or lactating women?

A

3 cups

for teens 4 cups

37
Q

Non Ca sources

A

tofu corn tortillas bread bok choy kale brocolli seaweeds, oysters small fish, soneardines

38
Q

foods that contain Ca binders

A

spinach; swiss chard

39
Q

Consequences of not drinking enough milk during childhood & adolescence that persist into adulthood

A

lower bone density; fractures

40
Q

foods > 50 % absorbed

A

Cauliflower, watercress, brussel sprouts, rutabaga, kale, mustard greens, bok choy, broccoli, turnip greens, calcium fortified foods, beverages,

41
Q

=30 %

A

Milk, calcium fortified soy, calcium set tofu, cheese, yogurt

42
Q

=20%

A

Almond sesame seeds, pinto beams, sweet potatoes

43
Q

<5%

A

spinach rhubarb swiss cheese

44
Q

Peak Bone Mass

A

highest attainable bone density develops for the first 3 decades of life

45
Q

What age do adults lose bone ?

A

After the age of 40

46
Q

What age is peak bone mass achieved?

A

19-30 yrs old

47
Q

osteopenia

A

people with moderate degree of bone mass reduction; increased risk of fractures

48
Q

Cortical bone

A

dense bone tissue; outer hard shell; confers strength; gives up ca slowly; losses begin at the age of 40; loses continue and slowly

49
Q

Trabecular

A

lacy network of ca-containing crystals that fills the interior

50
Q

Cortical bone *

A

dense ivory like bone that forms the exterior shell; ca storage bank; metabolically active

51
Q

What ages do you experience loses of Cortical Bone; Trabecular bone

A

40 cortical; 30 Trabecular

52
Q

Type 1 Osteo

A

-Postmenopausal
-50-70 yrs
-Trabecular bone
-Spine; wrists
-vertebrae designates pinching down nerves
-teeth will fall out
-women out number men 6:1
-loss of estrogen; testosterone

53
Q

Type 2 Osteo

A

=70 or older
ca withdrawn from C & T bone
HIP
Results from reduced calcium absorption, increased
bone mineral loss, increased propensity to fall
2:1

54
Q

what % do hip fractures occur in the US

A

90% occur over the age of 50

55
Q

2 major stages in life critical in the
development of osteoporosis

A
  1. Childhood & adolescence when the bones gain strength and density.
  2. Late adulthood (women after menopause): osteoblasts are less active, but osteoclasts (dismantle bone) are more active. Bone loss exceeds formation & results in osteoporosis.
56
Q

AGE:how to max bone mass with age?

A

Maximizing Bone Mass
–Adequate supply of Ca & vi D during the first 3 decades of life.

–When reaching older age, higher bone density gained earlier will remain.

57
Q

AGE: Minimizing Bone Loss

A

–Dietary intake of Ca is usually lower.
–Kidneys do not activate vit D as well, less time outdoors.
–The hormones regulating Ca metabolism deteriorate,
resulting in bone loss.

58
Q

Genetics:

A
  • Influential role in bone density:
    • peak bone mass achieved during growth
  • extent of bone loss rate in later years
    • bone density is also influenced by diet,
      physical activity, alcohol, tobacco abuse
  • The extent to which genetic potential is realized
    depends on diet, physical activity, hormones,
    smoking, alcohol
59
Q

Race

A

African-Americans use and conserve Ca more efficiently
than Caucasians.

  • Black people have denser bones, in spite of lower Ca intakes
    and lower osteoporosis and fractures (3x less).
  • Asians, Hispanics have lower bone density, but also lower
    rates of fractures. They may have smaller, more compact
    hips, which makes them less susceptible to fractures.
  • Genetic factors alone do not determine risk of osteoporosis.
    Adaptation to low Ca intakes (higher absorption) and other
    environmental factors play a role.
60
Q

Factors influencing balance of Ca deposits vs. withdrawals:

A

nutrition during the first 3 decades of life
( Ca + vit D)
* when bones have high density they can lose more Ca

61
Q

Ca absorption decreases often after the age of

A

65

62
Q

Minimizing Bone loss

A

Ca absorption decreases often after the age
of 65.
* Ca and vit D intakes low in elderly.
* Hormones regulating Ca balance decrease:
- Vitamin D less efficiently activated,
- Parathormone calcitonin, estrogen
levels are reduced.
* These changes favor bone Ca removal.

Calcium (1 decks)

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