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Opthalmology > CAL: Optho Cases > Flashcards

CAL: Optho Cases Flashcards

1
Q

Tx cherry eye?

A
  • surgical repositioning of the gland
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2
Q

Prognosis of cherry eye after tx?

A
  • ^ chance reprolapse

- ^ risk of same thing happening in the other eye!

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3
Q

Is there a breed association with cherry eye?

A

Yes: Look up

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4
Q

Why may an eye appear yellow?

A

Build up of protein and WBCs in the AC superimposed over a blue eye will casue it to look yellow

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5
Q

What would you expect to see with anterior uveitis?

A

aqueous flare, miosis, conjunctival congestion, colour change to eye/iris are all suggestive of intraocular inflammation specifically anterior uveitis/iridocyclitis.

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6
Q

Signs of orbital cellulitis?

A

exophthalmos, strabismus, protrusion of the third eyelid, mucopurulent ocular discharge

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7
Q

Signs of corneal melanosis? Is it common in the horse?

A

visible melanin pigment on the cornea; corneal melanosis is actually an uncommon finding in the horse

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8
Q

Is glaucoma ever 1* in the horse?

A

although this is a possibility it is almost always secondary to anterior uveitis in the horse, not a primary condition

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9
Q

Is KCS common in the horse?

A

No

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10
Q

Signs of Horner’s syndrome?

A

miosis is present, enophthalmos; ptosis; or protrusion of the third eyelid

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11
Q

Is it possible to visualise a cataract through the normal eye? What about the lens in general?

A

it is not possible to accurately assess the lens for cataract through a small pupil, especially a ‘small’ cataract; an attempt should always be made to dilate the pupil for a thorough examination of the lens
- should be dilated to visualise lens too

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12
Q

What test is always indicated with a red eye in all species?

A

fluorescin (may be looking for 2* trauma related ulcers if not 1*)

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13
Q

What are corneal ulcers in the horse generally due to?

A

reflux anterior uveitis

- unlike cat and dog

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14
Q

What is the normal IOP of the horse?

A

can be >25mmHg!

- compare eyes for symmetry

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15
Q

When is occular ultrasound indicated?

A
  • visualising the posterior segment that cannot be seen through a miotic pupil or opaque anterior segment
  • retinal detachemnt and lens position well visualised
  • quick and non invasive
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16
Q

Is retinal detachment common in the horse?

A

definitely possibility in association with uvieits

17
Q

Are STT readings useful in the horse? When may they be low?

A

no - generally always sufficient tears

- facial n. paralysis may v STT as some PS innervation to lacrimal gland carried here

18
Q

define chemosis

A

conjunctival oedema

19
Q

deifne mydriasis

A

dilated pupil

20
Q

Define miosis

A

constricted pupil

21
Q

When is conjunctival scraping indicated?

A

1* conunctival disease

- not 2* conjunctival inflammation

22
Q

When is corneal scraping indicated?

A

corneal cytology. Even if a small corneal ulcer is present unless there is evidence that the cornea is infected (stromal infiltrate, deep ulcer) a corneal scraping can potentially damage the ocular surface more than the disease process itself

23
Q

Is the tear break up test useful in the horse?

A

No

24
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to ERU?

A

(equine recurrent uveitis)

Apaloosa

25
Q

What are the top 3 causes of ERU?

A
  • immune mediated disease
  • Leptospirosis (though not proven)
  • Trauma (sharp -> ulcer OR blunt, no ulcer)
26
Q

What is a common sequalae to ERU?

A

Lens dislocation

27
Q

Infectious cause of anterior uveitis in the cat?

A

Feline herpesvirus

28
Q

Tx of anterior uveitis in the horse?

A
  • Topical cyclosporine
  • Systemic anti-inflammatories
  • r/o ulcer before tx with topical corticosteroids - systemic NSAIDs much preferred over corticosteroids
  • Atropine (alleviate iridocyclospasm, break down anterior synechiae which may form with chronic or severe uveitis . NB. gut stasis side effects, monitor borborygmi especially in foals)
29
Q

Can topical antifungal and antibiotics penetrate through the cornea?

A

No except chloramphenicol

30
Q

What is ERU the main cause of in horses?

A

Blindness usually results from secondary cataract, glaucoma, lens luxation or retinal detachment. The prognosis is always guarded.

31
Q

Potential causes of white opacity in the eye?

A
  • Corneal dystrophy, corneal degeneration and corneal scar (fibrosis) as well as diffuse or focal corneal oedema can all appear as white changes in the cornea. In addition, oedema can appear ‘blue’ and corneal mineralization (lipid or calcium) is often more ‘crystalline’ in appearance. Corneal scars are often smooth and ‘grey’.
  • Hypopyon: white blood cells in the anterior chamber, always ventral
  • Cataract: focal or diffuse white (or greyish) change in the lens
  • Nuclear sclerosis: white or greyish haze (can be quite dense) involving the nucleus of the lens. A common age related change in the dog, can be confused with cataract.
32
Q

What is iris-atrophy?

A

Age related change in dogs - moth eaten iris tissue shape

33
Q

Potential causes of cataract in the dog?

A

Anterior uveitis, trauma, heritable, age-related, diabetes mellitus and retinal degeneration are all possible and common causes of cataract in the dog.

34
Q

How do cataracts cause of anterior uveitis?

A

Leak lens proteins

35
Q

Common cause of cataracts in dogs? Does this affect cats too?

A

DM - not cats

  • 75% dogs will develop cataract within 1st year of DM, they are bilateral and blinding
  • rapidity of development predisposes uveitis
36
Q

Complications of cataract surgery

A

Glacuoma, retinal detachment, chronic uveitis

37
Q

How may age affect success of cataract surgery?

A
  • young dogs ^ fibre growth may -> impaired vision

- old dogs hard lens may be difficult to remove by photoemulsification so ^ risk postop complication

38
Q

What is important to investigate in young dogs with cataracts?

A

Persistent hyaloid artery

Opthalmology (14 decks)

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