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Block 3 > CAI - Week 1 > Flashcards

CAI - Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

A
  • Week 4
  • Prosencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Rhombencephalon
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2
Q

What are the 5 secondary brain vesicles

A
  • Week 6
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
  • Mesencephalon
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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3
Q

What secondary brain vesicles derive from Prosencephalon?

A
  • Telencephalon

- Diencephalon

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4
Q

What secondary brain vesicle derives from Mesencephalon?

A

Mesencephalon

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5
Q

What secondary brain vesicles derive from Rhombencephalon?

A
  • Metencephalon

- Myelencephalon

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6
Q

When do Cranial and Caudal Neuropores close during neural tube folding?

A
  • Cranial - Day 25

- Caudal - Day 27

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7
Q

What happens if the cranial neuropore fails to close

A
  • Anacephaly

- Fetal death in utero / neonate death

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8
Q

What occurs if there is failure of the caudal neuropore to fuse?

A

Spina bifida

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9
Q

What supplement prevents 70% of neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid

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10
Q

What the are the two divisions of the nervous system and what structures compose each?

A
  • Central nervous system: Brain, Spinal cord, CN II

- Peripheral nervous system: Spinal nerves & Cranial nerves except CN II

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11
Q

What Cranial Nerve is part of the Central Nervous System?

A

CN II

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12
Q

Describe the two major cell types that compose the nervous system

A
  • Neurons - Structural and functional units of nervous system, Carry afferent, efferent, and interneurons, rapid communication across synapses via NTs, composed of dendrites, soma, axons and axon terminals
  • Neuroglia - Support, nourish, insulate the neurons. Non-neuronal, 5x more abundant
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13
Q

What neuroglia cells are found in the CNS

A
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal cells
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14
Q

What neuroglial cells are found in the PNS

A
  • Satellite cells

- Schwann cells

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15
Q

Describe the folding of the early embryological neural tube

A

During week 3 neural plate starts to thicken and elevate to become neural folds. Lift above and away from rest of ectoderm to approach at midline during folding. Fuses from cranial to caudal end to form neural tube. Cranial and caudal neuropores fuse together to close at day 25 and day 27 respective.

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16
Q

What is Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognise faces due to damage to association area

17
Q

What are the major lobes of the cortex?

A
  • Temporal lobe
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • Insula
18
Q

What are the major functional areas of the cortex?

A
  • Primary motor cortex
  • Primary somatosensory cortex
  • Primary visual cortex
  • Primary auditory cortex
  • Pre-motor cortex
  • Pre-frontal cortex
19
Q

Describe the somatotopic organisation of the motor and sensory cortexes and the clinical relevance of this

A

Sensory and motor functions are mapped onto specific cortical regions according to body region…

20
Q

What are the major subcortical nuclei and white matter tracts found in the cerebrum? How are these organised?

A
  • Subcortical nuclei - Thalamus (many), Basal Ganglia (Putamen, Caudate, Globus Pallidus)
  • White matter tracts - Corpus Callosum, Corona Radiate, Internal Capsule
21
Q

What happens if you have a lesion in Broca’s area?

A

Broca Aphasia - Breakdown of individuals language ability, unable to produce the words although know what they want to say

22
Q

What is Fasciculus

A

Bundle of fibres sharing a similar function and route of travel

23
Q

Name and describe the general location and function of the 12 cranial nerves

A
24
Q

What is inflammation of the meningeal layers called?

A

Meningitis

25
Q

Behind what sulcus does the primary somatosensory cortex sit?

A

Central sulcus

26
Q

What sensory information does the Dorsal columns pathway tract carry

A

Discriminative touch, Vibration, & Conscious Proprioception

27
Q

What is basal ganglia

A
  • Collection of nuclei located within the cerebral hemispheres
28
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia

A

Involved in control of voluntary movement + posture, also involved in learning + selection of motor attention, reward-related behaviour

29
Q

What are the basal ganglia groups

A
  • Striatum
  • Pallidum
  • Lentiform nucleus
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta
30
Q

What nuclei/basal ganglia make up stratum

A
  • Caudate nucleus

- Putamen

31
Q

What nuclei/basal ganglia make up Pallidum

A
  • Globus pallidus internus (medius)
  • Globus pallidus externus (lateralis)
  • Substantia nigra pars reticula
32
Q

What nuclei/basal ganglia make up Lentiform nucleus?

A
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus internus
  • Globus pallidus externus
33
Q

What is the SNPR

A

substantia nigra par reticular

34
Q

What is the vestibular system?

A
  • one of system that helps keep you upright and prevent falling
  • By monitoring relative position and acceleration of head
35
Q

where are the basal ganglia circuit located?

A
  • Forebrain
  • Diencephalon
  • Midbrain
36
Q

What is the cns made up of

A

Brain, spinal cord, retina, cn2

Block 3 (4 decks)

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